Abstract
Vitamin D3 is biologically inert. To become active, it requires two successive hydroxylation steps catalyzed by two cytochrome P450 enzymes, first to synthesize the pro-hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and then the active hormone 1α,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3]. 1α,25(OH)2D3 has high affinity for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor and a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Through VDR, 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulates more than 200 genes in mammals, including those involved in the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, immune function, reproduction, cardiovascular, central nerve system, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Due to its versatile roles in maintaining and regulating normal cellular phenotypes and functions, 1α,25(OH)2D3 has been implicated as an anti-cancer agent. In fact, ecological and epidemiologic data have linked vitamin D deficiency with the incidence and mortality of many types of cancer. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo animal model studies have clearly demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D. In this review, we describe the anticancer actions of vitamin D, with special emphasis on different pathways underlying the VDR-mediated genomic as well as less-defined non-genomic actions of vitamin D.
Keywords: Cancer, Vitamin D, Cell cycle, Hedgehog, Growth factors, Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, Differentiation, Kinases, Transcription factors, Metastasis
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:The Anti-cancer Actions of Vitamin D
Volume: 13 Issue: 1
Author(s): Kun-Chun Chiang and Tai C. Chen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cancer, Vitamin D, Cell cycle, Hedgehog, Growth factors, Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, Differentiation, Kinases, Transcription factors, Metastasis
Abstract: Vitamin D3 is biologically inert. To become active, it requires two successive hydroxylation steps catalyzed by two cytochrome P450 enzymes, first to synthesize the pro-hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and then the active hormone 1α,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3]. 1α,25(OH)2D3 has high affinity for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor and a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Through VDR, 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulates more than 200 genes in mammals, including those involved in the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, immune function, reproduction, cardiovascular, central nerve system, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Due to its versatile roles in maintaining and regulating normal cellular phenotypes and functions, 1α,25(OH)2D3 has been implicated as an anti-cancer agent. In fact, ecological and epidemiologic data have linked vitamin D deficiency with the incidence and mortality of many types of cancer. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo animal model studies have clearly demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D. In this review, we describe the anticancer actions of vitamin D, with special emphasis on different pathways underlying the VDR-mediated genomic as well as less-defined non-genomic actions of vitamin D.
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Cite this article as:
Chiang Kun-Chun and C. Chen Tai, The Anti-cancer Actions of Vitamin D, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 13 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520611307010126
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520611307010126 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
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