Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) from acetylcoenzime A and choline. This reaction occurs not only in pre-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system and post-ganglionic parasympathetic nervous fibers but also in non neuronal cells. This knowledge led to expand the role of ACh as a neurotransmitter and to consider it as a “cytotransmitter” and also to evaluate the existence of a non-neuronal cholinergic system comprising ACh, ChAT, acetylcholinesterase, and the nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors, outside the nervous system. This review analyzes the participation of cholinergic system in inflammation and discusses the role of different muscarinic and nicotinic drugs that are being used to treat skin inflammatory disorders, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as, intestinal inflammation and systemic inflammatory diseases, among others, to assess the potential application of these compounds as therapeutic tools.
Keywords: acetylcholine, muscarinic receptors-nicotinic receptors-cholinergic drugs, atopic dermatitis-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intestinal inflammation, sepsis.
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Cholinergic Drugs as Therapeutic Tools in Inflammatory Diseases: Participation of Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cholinergic Systems.
Volume: 12 Issue: 2
Author(s): María Elena Sales
Affiliation:
Keywords: acetylcholine, muscarinic receptors-nicotinic receptors-cholinergic drugs, atopic dermatitis-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intestinal inflammation, sepsis.
Abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) from acetylcoenzime A and choline. This reaction occurs not only in pre-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system and post-ganglionic parasympathetic nervous fibers but also in non neuronal cells. This knowledge led to expand the role of ACh as a neurotransmitter and to consider it as a “cytotransmitter” and also to evaluate the existence of a non-neuronal cholinergic system comprising ACh, ChAT, acetylcholinesterase, and the nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors, outside the nervous system. This review analyzes the participation of cholinergic system in inflammation and discusses the role of different muscarinic and nicotinic drugs that are being used to treat skin inflammatory disorders, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as, intestinal inflammation and systemic inflammatory diseases, among others, to assess the potential application of these compounds as therapeutic tools.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Elena Sales María, Cholinergic Drugs as Therapeutic Tools in Inflammatory Diseases: Participation of Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cholinergic Systems., Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 12 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871523011312020002
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871523011312020002 |
Print ISSN 1871-5230 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-614X |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Editorial (Thematic Issues: Managing the Cardiovascular Risk Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Engineered Silver Nanoparticles, A New Nanoweapon Against Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Genes for Anti-HIV/AIDS Gene Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Pathophysiology of Diabetic Dyslipidaemia
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Cholinergic Potential, the Vagus Nerve and Challenges in Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mn-SOD and Chronic Inflammation of Gastric Mucosa
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Development and Significance of the Frailty Concept in the Elderly: A Possible Modern View
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Protective Effect of Perindopril on Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis in Animal Model of Breast Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Chemoprevention Gene Therapy (CGT): Novel Combinatorial Approach for Preventing and Treating Pancreatic Cancer
Current Molecular Medicine Pivotal Pathogenic and Biomarker Role of Chlamydia Pneumoniae in Neurovascular Diseases
Current Neurovascular Research Stimuli-responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Therapeutic Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Trypanocidal Activity of Nitroaromatic Prodrugs: Current Treatments and Future Perspectives
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Src Inhibitors and Angiogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Combined Assessment of Defense Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Surgical Treatment of the Sleep Apnea Syndrome in the Twenty-First Century
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Malignancy in Common Variable Immune Deficiency: Report of Two Rare Cases of Gastrointestinal Malignancy and a Review of the Literature
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Disorders of Respiration and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews GLUT4 Goes Abnormal: Disregulation of the Insulin-Responsive Glucose Transporter in Abnormal Metabolic States
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Old Strategies and New Perspectives in Modulating the Endocannabinoid System
Current Bioactive Compounds Pharmacological Treatments for Diabetic Foot Disease: Current State and Future Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design