Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Cardiac Vascular Diseases: An Update from Human Studies

Author(s): Niki Katsiki, Vasilios G. Athyros, Asterios Karagiannis and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis

Volume 20, Issue 31, 2014

Page: [4944 - 4952] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1381612819666131206100750

Price: $65

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, The MetS is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several international organizations have defined MetS using different diagnostic criteria that produced discrepancies in the results of previous studies, thus leading to the latest Joint Interim Societies (JIS) MetS definition. Other risk factors than the diagnostic criteria that have been associated with MetS include lipid abnormalities, uric acid, liver function, prothrombotic factors, cytokines, adipokines, vitamin D, arterial stiffness, polycystic ovary syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea.

Apart from CVD and T2DM, MetS has been related to non-cardiac vascular diseases and in particular to stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms. In this narrative review, the associations of these diseases with MetS and its components will be discussed. These associations may further increase CVD risk in MetS patients, highlighting the importance of treating such high-risk individuals early and “to target”. In this context, multifactorial treatment including a statin has been proven beneficial, and thus should be considered, in MetS patients.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm.


Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy