Abstract
A spinal cord injury leads to disturbances of sensory and motor signals due to the damage to white matter and myelinated fiber tracts. Moreover, the damage to gray matter causes segmental loss of interneurons of dorsal horn and motoneurons and restricts the therapeutic options. Neuroprotective strategies have the potential to improve the neurological outcome of patients. To achieve this, concerns to anesthetics or analgesics as neuroprotective interventions have been accumulating to explore neuroprotection during perioperative period.
This review includes consideration of: 1) basic concepts of the pathophysiological mechanisms following spinal cord injury and 2) anesthetics and analgesics displaying neuroprotective potential. In particular, we review the application of isoflurane as an inhalational neuroprotectant and discuss evidence for the neuroprotection provided by barbiturates. In addition, 3) recent advances in stem cell biology, neural injury and repair, and progress toward the development of neuroprotective and regenerative interventions are the basis for increased optimism.
Keywords: Spinal cord ischemia/injury, anesthetics, analgesic, neuroprotection, isoflurane, barbiturates, hypothermia, preconditioning, cellbased therapy/ transplantation.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Spinal Cord Ischemia/Injury
Volume: 20 Issue: 36
Author(s): Ishikawa T., Suzuki H., Ishikawa K., Yasuda S., Matsui T., Yamamoto M., Kakeda T., Yamamoto S., Owada Y. and Yaksh T.L.
Affiliation:
Keywords: Spinal cord ischemia/injury, anesthetics, analgesic, neuroprotection, isoflurane, barbiturates, hypothermia, preconditioning, cellbased therapy/ transplantation.
Abstract: A spinal cord injury leads to disturbances of sensory and motor signals due to the damage to white matter and myelinated fiber tracts. Moreover, the damage to gray matter causes segmental loss of interneurons of dorsal horn and motoneurons and restricts the therapeutic options. Neuroprotective strategies have the potential to improve the neurological outcome of patients. To achieve this, concerns to anesthetics or analgesics as neuroprotective interventions have been accumulating to explore neuroprotection during perioperative period.
This review includes consideration of: 1) basic concepts of the pathophysiological mechanisms following spinal cord injury and 2) anesthetics and analgesics displaying neuroprotective potential. In particular, we review the application of isoflurane as an inhalational neuroprotectant and discuss evidence for the neuroprotection provided by barbiturates. In addition, 3) recent advances in stem cell biology, neural injury and repair, and progress toward the development of neuroprotective and regenerative interventions are the basis for increased optimism.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
T. Ishikawa, H. Suzuki, K. Ishikawa, S. Yasuda, T. Matsui, M. Yamamoto, T. Kakeda, S. Yamamoto, Y. Owada and T.L. Yaksh, Spinal Cord Ischemia/Injury, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140204113252
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140204113252 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
In Vivo Imaging of the Diseased Nervous System: An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advanced Techniques for Imaging the Human Spinal Cord: Review of Literature
Current Medical Imaging Green Tea, A Medicinal Food with Promising Neurological Benefits
Current Neuropharmacology The Blood-brain Barrier and the Outer Blood-retina Barrier
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Neonatal Fc Receptor and its Role in the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Immunoglobulin G-Based Biotherapeutics
Current Drug Metabolism The Role of Viruses in Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Meet Our Editorial Board Member:
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Current Challenges to Overcome in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Neurological Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Novel Indications for Benzodiazepine Antagonist Flumazenil in GABA Mediated Pathological Conditions of the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Functions of MAPR (Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor) Family Members As Heme/Steroid-Binding Proteins
Current Protein & Peptide Science Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS-Targeted Drug Delivery
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Retraction Notice: Prevention of Emetic Episodes During Cesarean Delivery Performed Under Regional Anesthesia in Parturients
Current Drug Safety Nanofiber Scaffolds Support Bone Regeneration Associated with Pulp Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Future Directions in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: A Review on Various Therapeutic Targets
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 3D Printing in Drug Delivery Formulation: You Can Dream it, Design it and Print it. How About Patent it?
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation The Endocrine Regulation of Stem Cells: Physiological Importance and Pharmacological Potentials for Cell-Based Therapy
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Maintaining Mitochondrial Health in Peripheral Neuropathies
Current Neuropharmacology Axotomy Leads to Reduced Calcium Increase and Earlier Termination of CCL2 Release in Spinal Motoneurons with Upregulated Parvalbumin Followed by Decreased Neighboring Microglial Activation
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Non-Invasive Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Monitoring the Inflammatory Process by Surface Enhanced Nanoimaging Microscopy
Current Neurovascular Research