Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. These beneficial effects of HDL can be, at least partly, attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antioxidant and endothelial-protective properties. However, the results of some clinical trials aiming at raising HDL-C levels are conflicting in terms of CV protection suggesting that alterations in HDL quality (and not only quantity) are involved in the atherosclerotic process. In this context, inflammation, oxidation, infection, hyperglycemia and activated platelets may modify HDL components, thus transforming HDL to a dysfunctional molecule with pro-atherogenic properties. Furthermore, some recent trials with HDL-raising drugs, such as niacin and torcetrapib, reported a lack of benefit in terms of vascular risk as well as adverse events including cancer and infections. In this narrative review, the findings of recent HDL clinical studies in relation to CV events as well as the associations of HDL with cancer and infections are discussed. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of these associations are also considered. The clinical implications of HDL function in treating patients at high CV risk remains to be established in future trials.
Keywords: Cancer, cardiovascular disease, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein dysfunction, infection, vascular risk.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:High-density Lipoprotein, Vascular Risk, Cancer and Infection: A Case of Quantity and Quality?
Volume: 21 Issue: 25
Author(s): N. Katsiki, V.G. Athyros, A. Karagiannis and D.P. Mikhailidis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cancer, cardiovascular disease, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein dysfunction, infection, vascular risk.
Abstract: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. These beneficial effects of HDL can be, at least partly, attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antioxidant and endothelial-protective properties. However, the results of some clinical trials aiming at raising HDL-C levels are conflicting in terms of CV protection suggesting that alterations in HDL quality (and not only quantity) are involved in the atherosclerotic process. In this context, inflammation, oxidation, infection, hyperglycemia and activated platelets may modify HDL components, thus transforming HDL to a dysfunctional molecule with pro-atherogenic properties. Furthermore, some recent trials with HDL-raising drugs, such as niacin and torcetrapib, reported a lack of benefit in terms of vascular risk as well as adverse events including cancer and infections. In this narrative review, the findings of recent HDL clinical studies in relation to CV events as well as the associations of HDL with cancer and infections are discussed. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of these associations are also considered. The clinical implications of HDL function in treating patients at high CV risk remains to be established in future trials.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Katsiki N., Athyros V.G., Karagiannis A. and Mikhailidis D.P., High-density Lipoprotein, Vascular Risk, Cancer and Infection: A Case of Quantity and Quality?, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (25) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140303152132
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140303152132 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Auto-Antibodies As Possible Markers and Mediators of Ischemic, Dilated, and Rhythmic Cardiopathies
Current Drug Targets The Roles of Cytochrome P450 in Ischemic Heart Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Age-related Changes in Pharmacodynamics: Focus on Drugs Acting on Central Nervous and Cardiovascular Systems
Current Drug Metabolism Oxidative stress and myocarditis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cholesterol Efflux and Reverse Cholesterol Transport: Experimental Approaches
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Therapeutic Strategies for the Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Further Perspectives on Diabetes: NeuroRegulation of Blood Glucose
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Editorial (Thematic Issue: The Life Cycle of the Heart Failure Patient)
Current Cardiology Reviews ATP Non-Competitive Ser/Thr Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Does Being Unemployed Matter? Insights from the GSCAD Registry
Current Cardiology Reviews Pro-Inflammatory Gene Variants in Myocardial Infarction and Longevity: Implications for Pharmacogenomics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: The Role of Estrogen Receptors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antiapoptotic Effect of Novel Compound from Herba leonuri-Leonurine (SCM-198): A Mechanism Through Inhibition of Mitochondria Dysfunction in H9c2 Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Surgical Ventricular Restoration: An Operation to Reverse Remodeling - Clinical Application (Part II) (Supplementry Table)
Current Cardiology Reviews Cigarette Smoking and Angiogenesis: What is the Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells?
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Rho Kinase: An Important Mediator of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [ Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: Is Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) Lowering Enough? ]
Current Vascular Pharmacology Vascular Disease and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Nanomedicine Against Malaria
Current Medicinal Chemistry Gender Differences in Response to Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine