Abstract
Over the last decade our understanding of human gut microbiology underwent a tremendous transformation. The limitations of culture-based methods have given way to Next Generation Sequencing techniques, allowing us to understand the microbial gut community in greater depth. The human GI-tract harbours one of the most complex and abundant ecosystems colonized by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, among which Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the major phyla. Although stable over long periods, the composition and functions of the microbiome may be influenced by a number of factors including genetics, mode of delivery, age, diet, geographic location and medical treatments. Dysbiosis, changes in microbiome structure, has been linked to inflammatory, functional and metabolic disorders such as IBD, IBS and obesity. However, it is still not clear whether these changes are a contributing factor or a result of the disease. This synopsis provides a chronological overview of the techniques used to study the gut microbiota and the current knowledge with respect to the stability and variability of microbiome composition and functions.
Keywords: 16S rRNA, composition, diversity, gastrointestinal tract, human gut microbiota, metagenomics, microbiome, sequencing.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Structure and Functions of the Gut Microbiome
Volume: 14 Issue: 4
Author(s): Suchita Panda, Francisco Guarner and Chaysavanh Manichanh
Affiliation:
Keywords: 16S rRNA, composition, diversity, gastrointestinal tract, human gut microbiota, metagenomics, microbiome, sequencing.
Abstract: Over the last decade our understanding of human gut microbiology underwent a tremendous transformation. The limitations of culture-based methods have given way to Next Generation Sequencing techniques, allowing us to understand the microbial gut community in greater depth. The human GI-tract harbours one of the most complex and abundant ecosystems colonized by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, among which Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the major phyla. Although stable over long periods, the composition and functions of the microbiome may be influenced by a number of factors including genetics, mode of delivery, age, diet, geographic location and medical treatments. Dysbiosis, changes in microbiome structure, has been linked to inflammatory, functional and metabolic disorders such as IBD, IBS and obesity. However, it is still not clear whether these changes are a contributing factor or a result of the disease. This synopsis provides a chronological overview of the techniques used to study the gut microbiota and the current knowledge with respect to the stability and variability of microbiome composition and functions.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Panda Suchita, Guarner Francisco and Manichanh Chaysavanh, Structure and Functions of the Gut Microbiome, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 14 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530314666140714120744
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530314666140714120744 |
Print ISSN 1871-5303 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3873 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Readjusting the Glucocorticoid Balance: An Opportunity for Modulators of 11β -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity?
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Allosteric Modulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: The Concept and Therapeutic Trends
Current Pharmaceutical Design Substance P and Alzheimer’s Disease: Emerging Novel Roles
Current Alzheimer Research Saturation of the Human Phenome
Current Genomics Efficacy and Safety of Long Acting Injectable Atypical Antipsychotics: A Review
Current Clinical Pharmacology Inflammasome and Atherogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Multi-Faceted Aspects ofGamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid: A Neurotransmitter, Therapeutic Agent and Drug of Abuse
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Multifunctional Proteins in Tumorigenesis: Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and Translational Components
Current Proteomics The Relevance of Peripheral Immune Tolerance in Normal Pregnancy and its Potential Failure in Gestation-Associated Diseases
Current Women`s Health Reviews Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Smoking and Cardiovascular System: Cellular Features of the Damage
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genes and Conditions Controlling Mammalian Pre- and Post-implantation Embryo Development
Current Genomics Aesthetic Cardiology: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Myocardial Repair
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Genetics of Ion Channels in Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome: Moving Beyond Idiopathic Reactions To Personalized Risk Assessment
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Antiangiogenesis in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Current Cancer Drug Targets Metabolic Dysfunction in Alzheimers Disease and Related Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Alzheimer Research Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization After Percutaneous Angioplasty Procedure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Unraveling the Complexity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Advances from the Transgenic Mutant SOD1 Mice
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Role of Cnidaria in Drug Discovery. A Review on CNS Implications and New Perspectives
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) γ-Secretase as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Alzheimers Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design