Abstract
Dopamine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors critically involved in locomotion, reward, and cognitive processes. Export of dopamine receptors to the plasma membrane is thought to follow the default secretory pathway, whereby proteins travel from the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), through the Golgi apparatus, to arrive at the cell surface. Several observations indicate that trafficking from the ER to the plasma membrane is tightly regulated, and that correct folding in the ER acts as a bottle neck to the maturation of the dopamine D4 receptors. The dopamine D4 receptor is an interesting receptor since it has a polymorphic region in its third intracellular loop, resulting in receptor isoforms of varying length and amino acid composition. Correct folding is enhanced by: (1) interaction with specific proteins, such as ER resident chaperones, (2) interaction with pharmacological chaperones, for example, ligands that are membrane permeable and can bind to the receptor in the ER, and (3) receptor dimerization; the assembly of multisubunit proteins into a quaternary structure is started in the ER before cell surface delivery, which helps in correct folding and subsequent expression. These interactions help the process of GPCR folding, but more importantly they ensure that only properly folded proteins proceed from the ER to the trans-Golgi network. In this review we will mainly focus on the role of receptor dimerization in dopamine D4 receptor maturation.
Keywords: ADHD, chaperone, dimerization, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine D4 receptor, endoplasmic reticulum, G proteincoupled receptors, polymorphic variants.
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:Role of Dimerization in Dopamine D4 Receptor Biogenesis
Volume: 15 Issue: 7
Author(s): Kathleen Van Craenenbroeck, Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Kamila Skieterska, Jolien Duchou, Wilber Romero-Fernandez and Kjell Fuxe
Affiliation:
Keywords: ADHD, chaperone, dimerization, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine D4 receptor, endoplasmic reticulum, G proteincoupled receptors, polymorphic variants.
Abstract: Dopamine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors critically involved in locomotion, reward, and cognitive processes. Export of dopamine receptors to the plasma membrane is thought to follow the default secretory pathway, whereby proteins travel from the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), through the Golgi apparatus, to arrive at the cell surface. Several observations indicate that trafficking from the ER to the plasma membrane is tightly regulated, and that correct folding in the ER acts as a bottle neck to the maturation of the dopamine D4 receptors. The dopamine D4 receptor is an interesting receptor since it has a polymorphic region in its third intracellular loop, resulting in receptor isoforms of varying length and amino acid composition. Correct folding is enhanced by: (1) interaction with specific proteins, such as ER resident chaperones, (2) interaction with pharmacological chaperones, for example, ligands that are membrane permeable and can bind to the receptor in the ER, and (3) receptor dimerization; the assembly of multisubunit proteins into a quaternary structure is started in the ER before cell surface delivery, which helps in correct folding and subsequent expression. These interactions help the process of GPCR folding, but more importantly they ensure that only properly folded proteins proceed from the ER to the trans-Golgi network. In this review we will mainly focus on the role of receptor dimerization in dopamine D4 receptor maturation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Craenenbroeck Van Kathleen, Borroto-Escuela O. Dasiel, Skieterska Kamila, Duchou Jolien, Romero-Fernandez Wilber and Fuxe Kjell, Role of Dimerization in Dopamine D4 Receptor Biogenesis, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2014; 15 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203715666140901110256
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203715666140901110256 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Buccal Cell Cytokeratin 14 Identifies Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’ s Disease in the AIBL Study of Aging
Current Alzheimer Research Clinical and Forensic Signs Related to Cocaine Abuse
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Body Image Disturbance and Psychopathology in Children: Research Evidence and Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Current Psychiatry Reviews Cigarette Smoking in Methadone Maintained Patients: An Up-to-Date Review
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Withdrawal Notice: Neuroprotective Effect of Lithospermum officinale callus Extract on Inflamed Primary Microglial Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Butyrylcholinesterase K and Apolipoprotein ε4 Affect Cortical Thickness and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Selective ACAT Inhibitors as Promising Antihyperlipidemic, Antiatherosclerotic and Anti-Alzheimer Drugs
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Quantificational Methylation Analysis of APC and AXIN2 in HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Induction of Tumour Cell Senescence: A New Strategy in Anticancer Treatment
Medicinal Chemistry Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Berberine Nanoencapsulation Attenuates Hallmarks of Scoplomine Induced Alzheimer's-Like Disease in Rats
Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology The Role of Quercetin, Flavonols and Flavones in Modulating Inflammatory Cell Function
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Drug Delivery Technologies and Stem Cells for Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Editorial (Thematic Issue: Endothelium: A Target for Therapeutic Intervention)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Methods for Evaluating Sensory, Affective and Cognitive Disorders in Neuropathic Rodents
Current Neuropharmacology Efficacy of Pentoxifylline in the Management of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Crisis Intervention Related to the Use of Psychoactive Substances in Recreational Settings - Evaluating the Kosmicare Project at Boom Festival
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Hydroxyimine NO-Donors; FK409 and Derivatives
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry FK506-Binding Proteins and Their Diverse Functions
Current Molecular Pharmacology Estimates of Cocaine Use in Milan
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Telomere Maintenance as Therapeutic Target in Embryonal Tumours
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry