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Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Glycation and Hypoxia: Two Key Factors for Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

Author(s): Paulo Matafome, Tiago Rodrigues and Raquel Seica

Volume 22, Issue 20, 2015

Page: [2417 - 2437] Pages: 21

DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150209155633

Price: $65

Abstract

Many aspects of adipose tissue pathophysiology in metabolic diseases have been described in the last years. One of such aspects is certainly hypoxia, which was shown to develop in adipose tissue of obese individuals and animal models. Recent data suggest two main factors for adipose tissue hypoxia: adipocyte hypertrophy and vascular dysfunction. In addition, glycation was also shown to induce morphological and functional alterations in adipose tissue. In particular, methylglyoxal directly formed from glucose was shown to potently induce AGE formation in vivo and to contribute to metabolic and vascular alterations in adipose tissue. Glycation and hypoxia are both thought to be on the basis of low grade inflammatory activation, further increasing metabolic dysregulation in adipose tissue. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the factors that contribute for tissue hypoxia and the role of glycation, not only at the vascular level, but also at the metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory levels.

Keywords: Adipose tissue, microvascular function, hypoxia, glycation, inflammation, insulin resistance.


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