Abstract
Neuroplasticity plays a role in adaptation to sensory inputs and transient changes in behavior and short lasting memory. Long term changes in neuroplasticity play a role in neuronal development during the growth and formation of long term memories. Stress is a known contributor to psychological and physical disorders. Stressful life events have been related to occurrence of mood disorders in those vulnerable to it. Stress leading to excess release of glucocorticoids results in pyramidal cell loss in hippocampus, a postmortem finding in depression. In cases of schizophrenia, dendritic spine density is found to be lower in areas like Dorso-lateral Pre Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) and there is a reduction of Cortical Dopaminergic (DA) signals. In depression, there is a prominent deficit of explicit memory which is a function of hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. Increased Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor BDNF levels in ventral tegmental area and Nucleus Accumbans are associated with behaviors like drug seeking and withdrawal state. Antidepressant use reverses the loss of spine density in various brain areas. Chronic antidepressant administration leads to neurogenesis in hippocampus and increase in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression in hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex (PFC). Here in this review, an effort is made to better understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and contribute towards their effective management.
Keywords: Neuroplasticity, Synaptic plasticity, Psychiatric Disorders, Stress, long term potentiation, Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex.
Current Psychopharmacology
Title:Neuroplasticity and its Relevance to Psychiatric Disorders
Volume: 3
Author(s): Vijender Singh and Bhavuk Garg
Affiliation:
Keywords: Neuroplasticity, Synaptic plasticity, Psychiatric Disorders, Stress, long term potentiation, Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex.
Abstract: Neuroplasticity plays a role in adaptation to sensory inputs and transient changes in behavior and short lasting memory. Long term changes in neuroplasticity play a role in neuronal development during the growth and formation of long term memories. Stress is a known contributor to psychological and physical disorders. Stressful life events have been related to occurrence of mood disorders in those vulnerable to it. Stress leading to excess release of glucocorticoids results in pyramidal cell loss in hippocampus, a postmortem finding in depression. In cases of schizophrenia, dendritic spine density is found to be lower in areas like Dorso-lateral Pre Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) and there is a reduction of Cortical Dopaminergic (DA) signals. In depression, there is a prominent deficit of explicit memory which is a function of hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. Increased Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor BDNF levels in ventral tegmental area and Nucleus Accumbans are associated with behaviors like drug seeking and withdrawal state. Antidepressant use reverses the loss of spine density in various brain areas. Chronic antidepressant administration leads to neurogenesis in hippocampus and increase in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression in hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex (PFC). Here in this review, an effort is made to better understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and contribute towards their effective management.
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Cite this article as:
Singh Vijender and Garg Bhavuk, Neuroplasticity and its Relevance to Psychiatric Disorders, Current Psychopharmacology 2014; 3 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556004666150313234631
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556004666150313234631 |
Print ISSN 2211-5560 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2211-5579 |
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Breakthroughs in drug design, development and delivery system for the management of neuro-psychiatric disorders
Neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the main causes of disability, affecting millions of people. Various drugs are used for its treatment, although no effective therapy has been found yet. The blood brain barrier (BBB) significantly complicates drugs delivery to the target cells in the brain tissues. This proposal describes the ...read more
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