Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of different serious chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Recent research has been focused on the beneficial role of dietary antioxidants against oxidative stress both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Theobroma cacao L. (cacao tree) is an evergreen tree which is native to South America. It is a plant of great economic importance and its seeds are commonly used to produce cocoa powder and chocolate. In addition to its uses in food industry, cocoa is a rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants. There is a plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies that report cocoa antioxidant capacity. The protective activity of cocoa seems to be due to its phytochemical constituents, especially catechins. However, bioavailability of cocoa polyphenolic constituents following oral administration is very low (nanomolar concentrations). In the present paper, we critically reviewed the available literature on the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of cocoa and its polyphenolic constituents. In addition to these, we provide brief information about cultivation, phytochemistry, bioavailability and clinical impacts of cocoa.
Keywords: Cocoa, catechins, antioxidant capacity, free radicals, oxidative stress.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title:Anti-Oxidative Polyphenolic Compounds of Cocoa
Volume: 16 Issue: 10
Author(s): Seyed F. Nabavi, Antoni Sureda, Maria Daglia, Parizad Rezaei and Seyed M. Nabavi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cocoa, catechins, antioxidant capacity, free radicals, oxidative stress.
Abstract: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of different serious chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Recent research has been focused on the beneficial role of dietary antioxidants against oxidative stress both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Theobroma cacao L. (cacao tree) is an evergreen tree which is native to South America. It is a plant of great economic importance and its seeds are commonly used to produce cocoa powder and chocolate. In addition to its uses in food industry, cocoa is a rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants. There is a plethora of in vitro and in vivo studies that report cocoa antioxidant capacity. The protective activity of cocoa seems to be due to its phytochemical constituents, especially catechins. However, bioavailability of cocoa polyphenolic constituents following oral administration is very low (nanomolar concentrations). In the present paper, we critically reviewed the available literature on the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of cocoa and its polyphenolic constituents. In addition to these, we provide brief information about cultivation, phytochemistry, bioavailability and clinical impacts of cocoa.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nabavi F. Seyed, Sureda Antoni, Daglia Maria, Rezaei Parizad and Nabavi M. Seyed, Anti-Oxidative Polyphenolic Compounds of Cocoa, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2015; 16 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201016666150610160652
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201016666150610160652 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Increasing Progenitor Cell Proliferation in the Sub-Ventricular Zone: A Therapeutic Treatment for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis?
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation XBP-1 and the UPRosome: Mastering Secretory Cell Function
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Decline of Executive Processes Affects the Identification of Emotional Facial Expressions in Aging
Current Aging Science A synopsis on the linkage between age-related dementias and vascular disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Treating Asthma as a Neuroelectrical Disorder
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Commentary (Research Highlights)
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Anti-IL-1 β Therapies
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Relevance of Follow-Up in Patients with Core Clinical Criteria for Alzheimer Disease and Normal CSF Biomarkers
Current Alzheimer Research The Role of Oxidative Stress in Huntington’s Disease: Are Antioxidants Good Therapeutic Candidates?
Current Drug Targets Alteration of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Following Acute Ischemic Injury as a Means to Improve Cellular Energetic Status in Neuroadaptation
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Recent Approaches for Studying the Role of Glia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity: Targeting Glial Responses and Glia-Derived Cytokines
Current Neuropharmacology Merging Transport Data for Choroid Plexus with Blood-Brain Barrier to Model CNS Homeostasis and Disease More Effectively
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Current Clinical Applications of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Cannabinoids and Neurodegenerative Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting Striatal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 in Parkinson’s Disease: Bridging Molecular Studies and Clinical Trials
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Untapped Potential of Disordered Proteins in Current Druggable Human Proteome
Current Drug Targets Potential Therapeutic Relevance of Adenosine A2B and A2A Receptors in the Central Nervous System
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Components as Therapeutic Targets for CNS Maladies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bee Venom: Its Potential Use in Alternative Medicine
Anti-Infective Agents