Abstract
This review describes two families of ion transporters: the lariat ethers and the hydraphiles. The lariat ethers transport ions as carriers and hydraphiles of appropriate length form pores in bilayer membranes. Hydraphiles insert into liposomes and into the bilayers of bacteria and yeast causing toxicity at micromolar concentrations. Toxicity corresponds to channel length and ion transport efficacy. Toxicity of lariat ethers to bacteria has also been found. At lower concentrations, the presence of hydraphiles enhances antibiotic potency of erythromycin, kanamycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. When hydraphiles are added to the growth medium, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana undergoes significant alterations in growth and root architecture.
Keywords: Antibiotic, Arabidopsis thaliana, bacteria, hydraphile, ion transport, lariat ether, root morphology, toxicity.
Current Organic Chemistry
Title:Biological Activity of Macrocyclic Cation Transporters
Volume: 19 Issue: 23
Author(s): Ryan Cantwell, Evan C. Garrad, Michael R. Gokel, Michael J. Hayes, Joseph W. Meisel, Saeedeh Negin, Mohit B. Patel and George W. Gokel
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antibiotic, Arabidopsis thaliana, bacteria, hydraphile, ion transport, lariat ether, root morphology, toxicity.
Abstract: This review describes two families of ion transporters: the lariat ethers and the hydraphiles. The lariat ethers transport ions as carriers and hydraphiles of appropriate length form pores in bilayer membranes. Hydraphiles insert into liposomes and into the bilayers of bacteria and yeast causing toxicity at micromolar concentrations. Toxicity corresponds to channel length and ion transport efficacy. Toxicity of lariat ethers to bacteria has also been found. At lower concentrations, the presence of hydraphiles enhances antibiotic potency of erythromycin, kanamycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. When hydraphiles are added to the growth medium, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana undergoes significant alterations in growth and root architecture.
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Cite this article as:
Cantwell Ryan, C. Garrad Evan, R. Gokel Michael, J. Hayes Michael, W. Meisel Joseph, Negin Saeedeh, B. Patel Mohit and W. Gokel George, Biological Activity of Macrocyclic Cation Transporters, Current Organic Chemistry 2015; 19 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272819666150618195919
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272819666150618195919 |
Print ISSN 1385-2728 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5348 |
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