Abstract
Osteogenesis involves a cascade of processes wherein mesenchymal stem cells differentiate towards osteoblasts, strictly controlled by a number of regulatory factors. Runx2 protein is a key transcription factor which serves as a master regulator for osteogenesis by activating the promoters of various osteoblastic genes. Runx2 is regulated by several cofactors, including the histone deacetylase enzymes known as HDACs. HDACs are a family of proteins that regulate gene expression and/or activity through the mechanism of deacetylation and they can be divided into four classes, namely classes I, II, III and IV HDACs based on their sequence identity and nuclear or cytoplasmic localization. Knockout studies of all classes of HDACs showed their specific developmental roles. Evidence has proved Runx2 to be a repressible target of HDACs and this interplay is found to be a crucial factor controlling osteoblast differentiation. Further, another level of osteogenic regulation involves microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small, non-coding endogenous molecules capable of gene silencing by partial or complete complementary binding of their seed sequences to the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. In this study, the recent developments on identifying the function of HDACs on Runx2 expression/activity and the impact of miRNAs on HDACs in regulation of osteogenesis are reviewed.
Keywords: Bone, HDAC, microRNA, osteoblast, Runx2.
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Books
Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oils
In Vitro Propagation and Secondary Metabolite Production from Medicinal Plants: Current Trends (Part 2)
Micropropagation of Medicinal Plants
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Biotechnology and Drug Development for Targeting Human Diseases
In Vitro Propagation and Secondary Metabolite Production from Medicinal Plants: Current Trends (Part 1)
Molecular and Physiological Insights into Plant Stress Tolerance and Applications in Agriculture- Part 2
Micropropagation of Medicinal Plants
Genome Editing in Bacteria (Part 1)
Data Science for Agricultural Innovation and Productivity
90
7
1
1
