Abstract
In this paper, we will review the data on stromal components and immunological parameters in the cancer microenvironment as prognostic and predictive markers in breast cancer. Host immunological response to cancer has gained importance because of recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy. Currently, molecular and clinical subtyping of breast cancer is solely based on the molecular features of the cancer cells without considering the importance of stromal components. There is now clear evidence that infiltrating immune and inflammatory cells influence the biology and clinical course of breast cancer. However, the prognostic and predictive function of immune cells differs between breast cancer subtypes. Immune parameters are established and validated prognostic and predictive markers in triple negative and for HER2 positive breast cancers and may be ready to be used as stratification parameters in clinical trials and as adjunct variables when making clinical decisions. On the other hand, the prognostic and predictive impact is minimal in low grade, luminal A type breast cancers. The strong association between higher lymphocytic infiltration and better outcome (including greater chemotherapy sensitivity) in TNBC and HER2 positive cancers also raises novel therapeutic options that target immune cells to increase their activity. Immune markers also carry the potential to serve as predictive markers to select patients for immunotherapeutic regimens (e.g. checkpoint inhibitors).
Keywords: Breast cancer, host factors, immune cells, immune checkpoints, immune therapy, prognosis, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:The Influence of Host Factors on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer: Stroma and Immune Cell Components as Cancer Biomarkers
Volume: 15 Issue: 8
Author(s): Thomas Karn, Lajos Pusztai, Achim Rody, Uwe Holtrich and Sven Becker
Affiliation:
Keywords: Breast cancer, host factors, immune cells, immune checkpoints, immune therapy, prognosis, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
Abstract: In this paper, we will review the data on stromal components and immunological parameters in the cancer microenvironment as prognostic and predictive markers in breast cancer. Host immunological response to cancer has gained importance because of recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy. Currently, molecular and clinical subtyping of breast cancer is solely based on the molecular features of the cancer cells without considering the importance of stromal components. There is now clear evidence that infiltrating immune and inflammatory cells influence the biology and clinical course of breast cancer. However, the prognostic and predictive function of immune cells differs between breast cancer subtypes. Immune parameters are established and validated prognostic and predictive markers in triple negative and for HER2 positive breast cancers and may be ready to be used as stratification parameters in clinical trials and as adjunct variables when making clinical decisions. On the other hand, the prognostic and predictive impact is minimal in low grade, luminal A type breast cancers. The strong association between higher lymphocytic infiltration and better outcome (including greater chemotherapy sensitivity) in TNBC and HER2 positive cancers also raises novel therapeutic options that target immune cells to increase their activity. Immune markers also carry the potential to serve as predictive markers to select patients for immunotherapeutic regimens (e.g. checkpoint inhibitors).
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Karn Thomas, Pusztai Lajos, Rody Achim, Holtrich Uwe and Becker Sven, The Influence of Host Factors on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer: Stroma and Immune Cell Components as Cancer Biomarkers, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 15 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800961508151001101209
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800961508151001101209 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
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