Abstract
GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cancer is rapidly becoming a major public health concern in India as well, with the number of new cancer cases anticipated to double within the next 20 years. The percentage of currently approved metallodrugs is very low, in contrast to the majority of drugs available as organic compounds. The search for alternative drugs to cisplatin, carboplatin and other derivatives is highly needed due to their severe side effects including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Ruthenium, among other transition metal complexes appears to be a possible candidate for cancer therapy in the near future. The most significant rationale is ruthenium’s octahedral chemistry and greater propensity to undergo redox reactions. The hypoxic environment of tumors favors the reduction of inert ruthenium (III) to active ruthenium (II) which opens new prospects for the development of novel prodrugs. Although studies suggest that ruthenium complexes penetrate well within the tumor cells and bind effectively to DNA, its binding to proteins is not very well explained. Ruthenium complexes are presently receiving great attention in the fields of biological, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry as anticancer agents. This review poses a comprehensive overview of the studies on competent anticancer ruthenium complexes and the role of these metal complexes in relation to their anticancer properties as well as those under clinical trials.
Keywords: Anti-cancer drugs, Cancer, Metallodrugs, Ruthenium complexes.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Ruthenium Complexes: An Emerging Ground to the Development of Metallopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy
Volume: 16 Issue: 10
Author(s): Mohammad Abid, Farheen Shamsi and Amir Azam
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-cancer drugs, Cancer, Metallodrugs, Ruthenium complexes.
Abstract: GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cancer is rapidly becoming a major public health concern in India as well, with the number of new cancer cases anticipated to double within the next 20 years. The percentage of currently approved metallodrugs is very low, in contrast to the majority of drugs available as organic compounds. The search for alternative drugs to cisplatin, carboplatin and other derivatives is highly needed due to their severe side effects including nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Ruthenium, among other transition metal complexes appears to be a possible candidate for cancer therapy in the near future. The most significant rationale is ruthenium’s octahedral chemistry and greater propensity to undergo redox reactions. The hypoxic environment of tumors favors the reduction of inert ruthenium (III) to active ruthenium (II) which opens new prospects for the development of novel prodrugs. Although studies suggest that ruthenium complexes penetrate well within the tumor cells and bind effectively to DNA, its binding to proteins is not very well explained. Ruthenium complexes are presently receiving great attention in the fields of biological, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry as anticancer agents. This review poses a comprehensive overview of the studies on competent anticancer ruthenium complexes and the role of these metal complexes in relation to their anticancer properties as well as those under clinical trials.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Abid Mohammad, Shamsi Farheen and Azam Amir, Ruthenium Complexes: An Emerging Ground to the Development of Metallopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666151001142012
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666151001142012 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Disorders
Mitochondria are the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, these organelles are an important source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in virtually any nucleated cell type. The modulation of a myriad of cellular signaling pathways depends on the mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
A Rationale for the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors as Antineoplastic Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Advances on the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aza-Henry Reaction
Current Organocatalysis New Approaches With Natural Product Drugs for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Virus Diagnostics on Microarrays
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Bioaccessibility of Functional Ingredients
Current Nutrition & Food Science IgG4 Related Syndrome: Another Multiorgan Disease in the Interest Field of Internal Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Preface
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR): A New Target for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Interventions Against Sarcopenia in Older Persons
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Review on Novel Breast Cancer Therapies: Photodynamic Therapy and Plant Derived Agent Induced Cell Death Mechanisms
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cancer: A Problem of Developmental Biology; Scientific Evidence for Reprogramming and Differentiation Therapy
Current Drug Targets T-Cell Zeta Chain Expression, Phosphorylation and Degradation and their Role in T-Cell Signal Transduction and Immune Response Regulation in Health And Disease
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Potential MicroRNA Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pyrazolo-Triazolo-Pyrimidine Derivatives as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: A Possible Template for Adenosine Receptor Subtypes?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Soy Protein Remnants Digested by Gastro-duodenal Proteases can Alter Microbial Interactions and Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption
Current Proteomics Obesity and Arterial Compliance Alterations
Current Vascular Pharmacology Advances in Regulating Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Cancer Through TrkB Signaling
Current Cancer Drug Targets Serum HE4 Level as a Biomarker to Predict the Recurrence of Gynecologic Cancers
Current Drug Targets Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy: Coordinated Role and Regulation of Efflux Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hsp90 Inhibition with Resorcylic Acid Lactones (RALs)
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry