Abstract
The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to peripheral damage and for alterations in brain function to be reflected in peripheral immune changes. Different CNS disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, epilepsy, vascular dementia, mental retardation, cerebrovascular encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cranial nerve neuropathies, mental retardation and post-traumatic brain injury exhibit changes in CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56 immune markers. Histamine is an important pleiotropic factor in neuroimmune regulation. This biogenic amine shows age-and sex-dependent changes in the CNS, and is significantly altered, together with interleukin- 1β and TNF-α, in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation appears to be an aggravating phenotype. Therapeutic intervention to halt progression of deleterious neuroinflammatory reactions in CNS disorders is a major challenge for molecular pharmacology in the future.
Keywords: Neuroimmune system, CNS disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, genomics, histamine, immune markers.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection
Volume: 22 Issue: 7
Author(s): Ramón Cacabelos, Clara Torrellas, Lucía Fernández-Novoa and Gjumrakch Aliev
Affiliation:
Keywords: Neuroimmune system, CNS disorders, Alzheimer’s disease, genomics, histamine, immune markers.
Abstract: The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to peripheral damage and for alterations in brain function to be reflected in peripheral immune changes. Different CNS disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, migraine, epilepsy, vascular dementia, mental retardation, cerebrovascular encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cranial nerve neuropathies, mental retardation and post-traumatic brain injury exhibit changes in CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56 immune markers. Histamine is an important pleiotropic factor in neuroimmune regulation. This biogenic amine shows age-and sex-dependent changes in the CNS, and is significantly altered, together with interleukin- 1β and TNF-α, in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation appears to be an aggravating phenotype. Therapeutic intervention to halt progression of deleterious neuroinflammatory reactions in CNS disorders is a major challenge for molecular pharmacology in the future.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cacabelos Ramón, Torrellas Clara, Fernández-Novoa Lucía and Aliev Gjumrakch, Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151209150954
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151209150954 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Scatter Factor Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Associated Target in Cancer Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry APE1/Ref-1Role in Redox Signaling: Translational Applications of Targeting the Redox Function of the DNA Repair/Redox Protein APE1/Ref-1
Current Molecular Pharmacology A Novel Method for Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs: Availability of Screening in Acidic Medium
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Killing Glioma ‘Stem-like’ Cells via Drug-Induced Relocation of Endosomal Urokinase Proteins
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry SAR, QSAR and Docking of Anticancer Flavonoids and Variants: A Review
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Bortezomib Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Interferon-β Gene Transfer on Melanoma Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Osteoporosis in Patients with Breast and Prostate Cancer: Effect of Disease and Treatment Modalities
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Role of the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Fes in Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Genetic Variants in Genes Involved in Mechanisms of Chemoresistance to Anticancer Drugs
Current Cancer Drug Targets Wnt/beta-Catenin Signaling and Small Molecule Inhibitors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Action of Nanoparticles on Platelet Activation and Plasmatic Coagulation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Oncolytic Virotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment
Current Gene Therapy Structural Insights into the Exchange Domain of Sec2p: Expression, Purification,Crystallization, and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Data Analysis
Protein & Peptide Letters Non-Invasive Approaches to Visualize the Endothelin Axis In Vivo Using State-of-the-Art Molecular Imaging Modalities
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry MiR-134, Mediated by IRF1, Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Progression by Targeting VEGFA and MYCN in Osteosarcoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mortality and Morbidity of HIV Infected Patients Receiving HAART: A Cohort Study
Current HIV Research Anti-Cancer Drugs of Today and Tomorrow: Are we Close to Making the Turn from Treating to Curing Cancer?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Prominent Role of Protein-Based Delivery Systems on the Development of Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Retinoids in Clinical Use
Medicinal Chemistry A Review of Pediatric Mediastinal Masses and Castlemans Disease
Current Pediatric Reviews