Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations, and contributes substantially to healthcare expenditure worldwide. As the evidence base in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has expanded dramatically over decades, longitudinal data demonstrate improvements in risk factor modification, organization of healthcare systems, and disease management that have substantially attenuated the adverse prognosis of both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STsegment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Nevertheless, discrepancies remain between genders, and women with ACS often sustain worse outcomes than men. In this review, we focus on the gender and sex-specific commonalities and differences in the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and risk stratification of ACS. We highlight available data on the interactions between gender and efficacy of current pharmacological and interventional treatment for NSTE-ACS and STEMI. We also examine gender differences in the trends of clinical outcomes, and possible mechanisms that account for persistent care gaps where future efforts can be directed.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndromes, gender, outcomes, risk stratification, trends.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:From Mars to Venus: Gender Differences in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Volume: 22 Issue: 25
Author(s): Nigel S. Tan and Andrew T. Yan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Acute coronary syndromes, gender, outcomes, risk stratification, trends.
Abstract: Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations, and contributes substantially to healthcare expenditure worldwide. As the evidence base in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has expanded dramatically over decades, longitudinal data demonstrate improvements in risk factor modification, organization of healthcare systems, and disease management that have substantially attenuated the adverse prognosis of both ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STsegment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Nevertheless, discrepancies remain between genders, and women with ACS often sustain worse outcomes than men. In this review, we focus on the gender and sex-specific commonalities and differences in the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and risk stratification of ACS. We highlight available data on the interactions between gender and efficacy of current pharmacological and interventional treatment for NSTE-ACS and STEMI. We also examine gender differences in the trends of clinical outcomes, and possible mechanisms that account for persistent care gaps where future efforts can be directed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tan S. Nigel and Yan T. Andrew, From Mars to Venus: Gender Differences in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndromes, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (25) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160328113831
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160328113831 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate: A Summary of Its Cytoprotective Mechanism
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Studies on Neural Tube Defects in Embryos of Diabetic Pregnancy: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ryanodine Receptor Patents
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Heart Disease in Patients with HIV/AIDS-An Emerging Clinical Problem
Current Cardiology Reviews Haptoglobin Polymorphism and Lacunar Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Dyslipidemia Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease in the Renal Patient
Current Pharmaceutical Design A New Era of Pulmonary Delivery of Nano-antimicrobial Therapeutics to Treat Chronic Pulmonary Infections
Current Pharmaceutical Design Renovascular Hypertension: Lesion Detection, Patient Selection, Treatment Options and Results
Current Hypertension Reviews Genetic Variations of the Hemostatic System as Risk Factors for Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Disease
Current Genomics Matricellular Proteins in Myocardial Infarction
Current Cardiology Reviews The Role of Renal Nerve Ablation for the Management of Resistant Hypertension and other Disease Conditions: Benefits and Concerns
Current Vascular Pharmacology Are the Antioxidant Properties of Carvedilol Important for the Protection of Cardiac Mitochondria?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Obesity and Inflammation and Altered Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Drug Metabolism Letters Studies on Drug-Drug Interactions, Presence and Absence of Diazepam (Site-II Specific Probe) Propranolol and Amitriptyline at Binding Sites of Bovine Serum Albumin
Current Drug Therapy Structural and Functional Characterization of a Mutant of Pseudocerastes persicus Natriuretic Peptide
Protein & Peptide Letters Covid-19 Susceptibility and Severity Might be Modified by Vitamin D Status: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease The Coronary Arterial Circulation
Current Cardiology Reviews Migraine and Coronary Artery Disease: An Open Study on the Genetic Polymorphism of the 5, 10 Methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Genes
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Development of New Fibrinolytic Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design