Abstract
The adrenergic system has an important role in normal central nervous system function as well as in brain disease. The locus coeruleus, the main source of norepinephrine in brain, is involved in the regulation of learning and memory, reinforcement of sleep-wake cycle and synaptic plasticity. In Alzheimer’s disease, locus coeruleus degeneration is observed early in the course of the disease, years before the onset of clinical cognitive signs, with neurofibrillary detected at the stage of mild cognitive impairment, preceding amyloid deposition. Thus, in the last years, a great interest has grown in evaluating the possibility of central adrenergic system modulation as a therapeutic tool in Alzheimer’s disease. However, evidences do not show univocal results, with some studies suggesting that adrenergic stimulation might be beneficial in Alzheimer’s Disease and some others favoring adrenergic blockade. In this review, we summarize data from both hypothesis and describe the pathophysiological role of the adrenergic system in neurodegeneration.
Keywords: Adrenergic receptors, Alzheimer’s disease, beta-blockers, functional recovery, locus coeruleus, neurodegeneration.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Adrenergic Drugs Blockers or Enhancers for Cognitive Decline ? What to Choose for Alzheimer’s Disease Patients?
Volume: 15 Issue: 6
Author(s): Grazia D. Femminella, Dario Leosco, Nicola Ferrara and Giuseppe Rengo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adrenergic receptors, Alzheimer’s disease, beta-blockers, functional recovery, locus coeruleus, neurodegeneration.
Abstract: The adrenergic system has an important role in normal central nervous system function as well as in brain disease. The locus coeruleus, the main source of norepinephrine in brain, is involved in the regulation of learning and memory, reinforcement of sleep-wake cycle and synaptic plasticity. In Alzheimer’s disease, locus coeruleus degeneration is observed early in the course of the disease, years before the onset of clinical cognitive signs, with neurofibrillary detected at the stage of mild cognitive impairment, preceding amyloid deposition. Thus, in the last years, a great interest has grown in evaluating the possibility of central adrenergic system modulation as a therapeutic tool in Alzheimer’s disease. However, evidences do not show univocal results, with some studies suggesting that adrenergic stimulation might be beneficial in Alzheimer’s Disease and some others favoring adrenergic blockade. In this review, we summarize data from both hypothesis and describe the pathophysiological role of the adrenergic system in neurodegeneration.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Femminella D. Grazia, Leosco Dario, Ferrara Nicola and Rengo Giuseppe, Adrenergic Drugs Blockers or Enhancers for Cognitive Decline ? What to Choose for Alzheimer’s Disease Patients?, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2016; 15 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160518123201
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160518123201 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Development and Evaluation of Sustained Oral Ketorolac Tromethamine Particulate Matrix via Bioadhesive Chitosan Based Freeze-Dried Solid Dispersions
Current Drug Delivery Impaired Neurovascular Coupling in the APPxPS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research The Role of Coronary Collaterals in Chronic Total Occlusions
Current Cardiology Reviews Development and Characterization Pulsatile Microspheres of Nifedipine for Hypertension
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Nailfold Capillaroscopy – Its Role in Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Microvascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan Submicroparticles Containing Pilocarpine for Glaucoma Therapy
Current Drug Delivery Anesthetic Considerations for Electroconvulsive Therapy-Especially Hemodynamic and Respiratory Management
Current Psychiatry Reviews A Current Update on the Use of Alpha Lipoic Acid in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Cyclooxygenase and Neuroinflammation in Parkinsons Disease Neurodegeneration
Current Neuropharmacology The Role of Chest High Resolution CT and RT-PCR in Diagnosis of Different Stages of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia
New Emirates Medical Journal Musculoskeletal US: Taking the Management of Psoriatic Arthritis to a New Horizon
Current Rheumatology Reviews Exercise Rehabilitation for the Patient with Intermittent Claudication: A highly Effective yet Underutilized Treatment
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Human Microdialysis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Tomographic Imaging Methods and Gated Technique in Nuclear Cardiology: A Review on Current Status and Future Developments
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Rheumatoid Foot and Ankle Surgery
Current Rheumatology Reviews Recent Advances in Sepsis Research: Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry Adenosine Receptor Ligands in Clinical Trials
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Endothelial Function: A Surrogate Endpoint in Cardiovascular Studies?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolic and Cardiovascular Ageing Indices in Relation to Glycated Haemoglobin in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects
Current Aging Science Arterial Wall Structure and Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Methodological Aspects and Pathophysiological Findings
Current Diabetes Reviews