Abstract
Our intestinal microbiota serve many roles vital to the normal daily function of the human gastrointestinal tract. Many probiotics are derived from our intestinal bacteria, and have been shown to provide clinical benefit in a variety of gastrointestinal conditions. Current evidence indicates that probiotic effects are strain-specific, they do not act through the same mechanisms, and nor are all probiotics indicated for the same health conditions. However, they do share several common features in that they exert anti-inflammatory effects, they employ different strategies to antagonize competing microorganisms, and they induce cytoprotective changes in the host either through enhancement of barrier function, or through the upregulation of cytoprotective host proteins. In this review we focus on a few selected probiotics – a bacterial mixture (VSL), a Gram-negative probiotic (E. coli Nissle 1917), two Gram-positive probiotic bacteria (LGG, L.reuteri), and a yeast probiotic (S. boulardii) – for which sound clinical and mechanistic data is available. Safety of probiotic formulations is also discussed.
Keywords: Probiotics, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, colitis
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Disease: Clinical Evidence and Basic Science
Volume: 8 Issue: 3
Author(s): Elaine O. Petrof
Affiliation:
Keywords: Probiotics, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, colitis
Abstract: Our intestinal microbiota serve many roles vital to the normal daily function of the human gastrointestinal tract. Many probiotics are derived from our intestinal bacteria, and have been shown to provide clinical benefit in a variety of gastrointestinal conditions. Current evidence indicates that probiotic effects are strain-specific, they do not act through the same mechanisms, and nor are all probiotics indicated for the same health conditions. However, they do share several common features in that they exert anti-inflammatory effects, they employ different strategies to antagonize competing microorganisms, and they induce cytoprotective changes in the host either through enhancement of barrier function, or through the upregulation of cytoprotective host proteins. In this review we focus on a few selected probiotics – a bacterial mixture (VSL), a Gram-negative probiotic (E. coli Nissle 1917), two Gram-positive probiotic bacteria (LGG, L.reuteri), and a yeast probiotic (S. boulardii) – for which sound clinical and mechanistic data is available. Safety of probiotic formulations is also discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Petrof O. Elaine, Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Disease: Clinical Evidence and Basic Science, Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 8 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152309789151977
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152309789151977 |
Print ISSN 1871-5230 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-614X |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Depression in Sleep Related Breathing Disorder
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Regulatory T Cells and Allergic Disease
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Application of Small Molecules/Macromolecules in Ocular Inflammatory Diseases
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Liver Injury in COVID-19: A Direct Hit or Collateral Damage?
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets JAK2 as a Molecular Marker in Myeloproliferative Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Integrins in Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mechanisms of HIV Neuropathogenesis: Role of Cellular Communication Systems
Current HIV Research The Role of Anti-LeY Antibody in the Downregulation of MAPKs/COX-2 Pathway in Gastric Cancer
Current Drug Targets Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Diuretic Plants: An Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biology and Clinical Relevance of Mannose-Binding Lectin
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Potential Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade in Adipose Tissue and Bone
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting the Akt/PI3K Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antileukotriene Drugs: Clinical Application, Effectiveness and Safety
Current Medicinal Chemistry Relevance of the Chronobiological and Non-chronobiological Actions of Melatonin for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cow's Milk Allergy
Current Pediatric Reviews Clopidogrel High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis Undergoing Endarterectomy. A Pilot Study
Current Vascular Pharmacology In the Rush for Green Gold: Can Green Tea Delay Age-Progressive Brain Neurodegeneration?
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Recombinant Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Chemoresistant Hematologic Malignancies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vascular Endothelium and Vector Borne Pathogen Interactions
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Neurotoxic and Neuroactive Compounds from Cnidaria: Five Decades of Research….and More
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry