Abstract
The capacity of the immune system to distinguish foreign from self-antigen, and to subsequently eliminate the threat of disease without injuring the host is crucial for survival. It also serves to defend against tumor formation and progression via a process termed cancer immunosurveillance. Innate and adaptive immune cell types and effector molecules collectively function as extrinsic tumorsuppressor mechanisms. However, tumors may escape immunesurveillance through a variety of mechanisms that create a local microenvironment that is unfavorable for effective tumor immunity. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system, and is recognized as one of the most potent immunosuppressive agents in facilitating oncogenesis. The TGF-β pathway promotes cancer progression by concomitantly enhancing tumor metastases while inhibiting the protective host immunity. In this review, we discuss mechanisms through which TGF-β interferes with the development of an anti-tumor immunity and potential means through which to circumvent its activity in order to define more effective cancer immunotherapies.
Keywords: TGF-β, natural killer, dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, Th1, Th2, Th17, treg cells, cancer, anti-tumor immunity.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:TGF-Beta: a Master Switch in Tumor Immunity
Volume: 18 Issue: 27
Author(s): Margherita Gigante, Loreto Gesualdo and Elena Ranieri
Affiliation:
Keywords: TGF-β, natural killer, dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, Th1, Th2, Th17, treg cells, cancer, anti-tumor immunity.
Abstract: The capacity of the immune system to distinguish foreign from self-antigen, and to subsequently eliminate the threat of disease without injuring the host is crucial for survival. It also serves to defend against tumor formation and progression via a process termed cancer immunosurveillance. Innate and adaptive immune cell types and effector molecules collectively function as extrinsic tumorsuppressor mechanisms. However, tumors may escape immunesurveillance through a variety of mechanisms that create a local microenvironment that is unfavorable for effective tumor immunity. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system, and is recognized as one of the most potent immunosuppressive agents in facilitating oncogenesis. The TGF-β pathway promotes cancer progression by concomitantly enhancing tumor metastases while inhibiting the protective host immunity. In this review, we discuss mechanisms through which TGF-β interferes with the development of an anti-tumor immunity and potential means through which to circumvent its activity in order to define more effective cancer immunotherapies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gigante Margherita, Gesualdo Loreto and Ranieri Elena, TGF-Beta: a Master Switch in Tumor Immunity, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802430378
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802430378 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Peripheral Nerve Injury- Induced Neuropathic Pain
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Nano Drug Delivery in Treatment of Oral Cancer, A Review of the Literature
Current Drug Targets Therapeutic Potential of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Modulators
Current Neuropharmacology Enzyme-responsive Nanoparticles for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Current Nanoscience An Appraisal of Current Pharmacological Perspectives of Sesamol: A Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Crosstalk of Long Non-coding RNAs and EMT: Searching the Missing Pieces of an Incomplete Puzzle for Lung Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets State of Art and Recent Developments of Anti-Cancer Strategies Based on TRAIL
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Non-Stem Cancer Cells: The Potential of Lipid- Based Nanoparticles
Current Pharmaceutical Design dUTPase in Human Neoplastic Cells as a Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention
Current Protein & Peptide Science The Regulatory Role of Both MBNL1 and MBNL1-AS1 in Several Common Cancers
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Tumor Stroma as Mediator of Drug Resistance - A Potential Target to Improve Cancer Therapy?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Clinical Experience with Antiangiogenic Therapy in Leukemia
Current Cancer Drug Targets Microenvironment and Brain Tumor Stem Cell Maintenance: Impact of the Niche
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Ceramidases in Hematological Malignancies: Senseless or Neglected Target?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cationic Polymers and their Self-Assembly for Antibacterial Applications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Valproic Acid in the Complex Therapy of Malignant Tumors
Current Drug Targets Cancer Chemoprevention by Targeting the Epigenome
Current Drug Targets Radiolabelled Molecules for Imaging the Translocator Protein (18 kDa) Using Positron Emission Tomography
Current Medicinal Chemistry Angiotensin Peptides and Lung Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Searching for Novel Cancer Chemopreventive Plants and their Products:The Genus Zanthoxylum
Current Drug Targets