Abstract
Human herpes viruses cause significant morbidity in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Even after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), herpes viruses remain the leading causes of blindness in AIDS patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and the closely-related immune reconstitution uveitis syndrome are the most common causes of blindness, but progressive outer retinal necrosis and acute retinal necrosis due to varicella zoster and herpes simplex are also important causes of vision loss. Successful treatment of these conditions requires an aggressive approach with multi-drug intravenous therapy or repeated intravitreal antiviral injections. Since the rate of retinal detachment is alarmingly high despite successful antiviral therapy, internists and ophthalmologists must work closely together to recognize and treat complications as they arise. Fortunately, Epstein-Barr virus is a rare cause of retinal infection and human herpes virus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 do not appear to be primary pathogens. However, increasing evidence suggests that HHV-6 and HHV-7 play important roles in modulating the immune system and potentiating infection by CMV.
Keywords: Acute retinal necrosis, cytomegalovirus, epstein barr virus, herpes simplex, progressive outer retinal necrosis, varicella zoster virus.
Current HIV Research
Title:Herpetic (Non-Cytomegalovirus) Retinal Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Volume: 11 Issue: 3
Author(s): Michael W. Stewart
Affiliation:
Keywords: Acute retinal necrosis, cytomegalovirus, epstein barr virus, herpes simplex, progressive outer retinal necrosis, varicella zoster virus.
Abstract: Human herpes viruses cause significant morbidity in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Even after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), herpes viruses remain the leading causes of blindness in AIDS patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and the closely-related immune reconstitution uveitis syndrome are the most common causes of blindness, but progressive outer retinal necrosis and acute retinal necrosis due to varicella zoster and herpes simplex are also important causes of vision loss. Successful treatment of these conditions requires an aggressive approach with multi-drug intravenous therapy or repeated intravitreal antiviral injections. Since the rate of retinal detachment is alarmingly high despite successful antiviral therapy, internists and ophthalmologists must work closely together to recognize and treat complications as they arise. Fortunately, Epstein-Barr virus is a rare cause of retinal infection and human herpes virus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8 do not appear to be primary pathogens. However, increasing evidence suggests that HHV-6 and HHV-7 play important roles in modulating the immune system and potentiating infection by CMV.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Stewart W. Michael, Herpetic (Non-Cytomegalovirus) Retinal Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Current HIV Research 2013; 11 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X11311030005
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X11311030005 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
HIV vaccine development
The development of a safe and effective vaccine that impedes HIV-1 transmission and/or limits the severity of infection remains a public health priority. The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic continues to have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable and under-served communities in the USA and globally. In the USA, minority communities that have relatively ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Celastrol Inhibits Inflammatory Stimuli-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation
Current Molecular Medicine Drug Targets in Infections with Ebola and Marburg Viruses
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Activation of the Liver X Receptor Inhibits Th17 and Th1 Responses in Behcet`s Disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Basilar Apex Aneurysms in the Setting of Carotid Artery Stenosis: Case Series and Angiographic Anatomic Study
Current Neurovascular Research Allergic and Pseudoallergic Reactions Induced by Glucocorticoids: A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design PD1/PD-L1 Axis in Uro-oncology
Current Drug Targets Angiogenic Growth Factors in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Retracted: Tocotrienols and its Role in Cardiovascular Health- a Lead for Drug Design
Current Pharmaceutical Design A UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Bioactive Compounds in Rat Plasma, and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies of Naoshuantong Granule in Rats
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Rituximab Therapy and Autoimmune Disease
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Cell Death Targets and Potential Modulators in Alzheimers Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design From Leflunomide to Teriflunomide: Drug Development and Immunosuppressive Oral Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Current Neuropharmacology Radix Paeoniae Rubra Ameliorates Lupus Nephritis in Lupus-Like Symptoms of Mrl Mice by Reducing Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, and Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: The Serodiagnosis of Pulmonary Disease due to Mycobacterium avium Complex with an Enzyme Immunoassay Kit Detecting Glycopeptidolipid Core Antigen (Capilia MAC Antibody ELISA)<sup>®</sup>)
Current Rheumatology Reviews Proteins of the Esterase Family: Patents for Some Proteins in Search of Metabolic Functions
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Is Bilirubin a Marker of Vascular Disease and/or Cancer and is it a Potential Therapeutic Target?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stenting
Current Pharmaceutical Design Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of the S100A8/A9 Heterodimer
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin in Combination with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle and its Cytotoxicity Effects on Cardio-Myoblast Normal Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry IgG4 Related Syndrome: Another Multiorgan Disease in the Interest Field of Internal Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design