Abstract
Late-Life Major Depression (LLMD) is a complex heterogeneous disorder that has multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as medical comorbidity, vascular-related factors and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is an association between LLMD and AD, with LLMD possibly being a risk factor for, or early symptom of AD and vascular dementia. Whether depression is an etiologic risk factor for dementia, or part of the dementia prodrome remains controversial. AD has a long prodromal period with the neuropathologic features of the disease preceding the onset of clinical symptoms by as much as 15–20 years. Clinicopathological studies have provided robust support for the importance of Aβ42 in the pathogenesis of AD, but several other risk factors have also been identified. Given the relationship between Aβ42 and AD, a potential relationship between Aβ42 and LLMD would improve the understanding of the association between LLMD and AD. We reviewed 15 studies that analyzed the relationship between soluble Aβ42 and LLMD. For studies looking at plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42, the relationship between LLMD and soluble Aβ42 was equivocal, with some studies finding elevated Aβ42 levels associated with LLMD and others finding the opposite, decreased levels of Aβ42 associated with LLMD. It may be that there is poor reliability in the diagnosis of depression in late life, or variability in the criteria and the scales used, or subtypes of depression in late life such as early vs. late onset depression, vascular-related depression, and preclinical/comorbid depression in AD. The different correlations associated with each of these factors would be causing the inconsistent results for soluble Aβ42 levels in LLMD, but it is also possible that these patterns derive from disease stage-dependent differences in the trajectory of CSF Aβ42 during older age, or changes in neuronal activity or the sleep/wake cycle produced by LLMD that influence Aβ42 dynamics.
Keywords: Late-life depression, Aβ42, amyloid, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, elderly, dementia, ApoE4.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Soluble Amyloid-β Levels and Late-Life Depression
Volume: 20 Issue: 15
Author(s): Ricardo S. Osorio, Tyler Gumb and Nunzio Pomara
Affiliation:
Keywords: Late-life depression, Aβ42, amyloid, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, elderly, dementia, ApoE4.
Abstract: Late-Life Major Depression (LLMD) is a complex heterogeneous disorder that has multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as medical comorbidity, vascular-related factors and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is an association between LLMD and AD, with LLMD possibly being a risk factor for, or early symptom of AD and vascular dementia. Whether depression is an etiologic risk factor for dementia, or part of the dementia prodrome remains controversial. AD has a long prodromal period with the neuropathologic features of the disease preceding the onset of clinical symptoms by as much as 15–20 years. Clinicopathological studies have provided robust support for the importance of Aβ42 in the pathogenesis of AD, but several other risk factors have also been identified. Given the relationship between Aβ42 and AD, a potential relationship between Aβ42 and LLMD would improve the understanding of the association between LLMD and AD. We reviewed 15 studies that analyzed the relationship between soluble Aβ42 and LLMD. For studies looking at plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42, the relationship between LLMD and soluble Aβ42 was equivocal, with some studies finding elevated Aβ42 levels associated with LLMD and others finding the opposite, decreased levels of Aβ42 associated with LLMD. It may be that there is poor reliability in the diagnosis of depression in late life, or variability in the criteria and the scales used, or subtypes of depression in late life such as early vs. late onset depression, vascular-related depression, and preclinical/comorbid depression in AD. The different correlations associated with each of these factors would be causing the inconsistent results for soluble Aβ42 levels in LLMD, but it is also possible that these patterns derive from disease stage-dependent differences in the trajectory of CSF Aβ42 during older age, or changes in neuronal activity or the sleep/wake cycle produced by LLMD that influence Aβ42 dynamics.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Osorio S. Ricardo, Gumb Tyler and Pomara Nunzio, Soluble Amyloid-β Levels and Late-Life Depression, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990502
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990502 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Long-Term Multimodal Therapy (Verapamil Associated with Propolis, Blueberry, Vitamin E and Local Diclofenac) on Patients with Peyronie's Disease (Chronic Inflammation of the Tunica Albuginea). Results of a Controlled Study
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Importance of Receptor-targeted Systems in the Battle Against Atherosclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot Topic: Chemokine Inhibitors as Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Executive Editor: David J. Grainger)]
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cholesterol Homeostasis Failure in the Brain: Implications for Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cardiovascular Risk, Inflammation and Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Metabolic Syndrome and Aging: Calcium Signaling as Common Regulator
Current Diabetes Reviews The Digenea Parasite Opisthorchis felineus: A Target for the Discovery and Development of Novel Drugs
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Nitric Oxide in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Complementary Role of Herbal Medicine and Exercise in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management: A Review of Evidence
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolomics and the Diagnosis of Human Diseases -A Guide to the Markers and Pathophysiological Pathways Affected
Current Medicinal Chemistry Using Simulation in Clinical Education: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score Assessment
Current Rheumatology Reviews Plasma Level of D-dimer is an Independent Diagnostic Biomarker for Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Dietary Patterns in Alzheimers Disease and Cognitive Aging
Current Alzheimer Research Roles of Insulin Resistance, Endothelial Dysfunction and Lifestyle Changes in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients
Current Drug Targets Calcium Channel Blockers in Obesity-Related Hypertension
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Functional Genomics of Cardioprotection by Ischemic Conditioning and the Influence of Comorbid Conditions: Implications in Target Identification
Current Drug Targets MicroRNAs in Peripheral Artery Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pregnancy, Programming and Preeclampsia: Gap Junctions at the Nexus of Pregnancy-induced Adaptation of Endothelial Function and Endothelial Adaptive Failure in PE
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inflammatory Mechanisms and Redox Status in Periodontal and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Effects of Adjunctive Nutritional Antioxidants and Statins
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Olive Oil and Haemostasis
Current Nutrition & Food Science