Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is responsible for the formation of important biological mediators including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane to trigger many physiological and patho-physiological responses. COXs exist in two distinct isoforms, a constitutively expressed form (COX-1) and an inducible form (COX-2). COX-2 is involved in the body’s response to inflammation and pain. Moreover, it has also been shown that COX-2 is overexpressed in many human cancers, and that COX-2 is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. COX-2 inhibitors are among the most widely used therapeutics for the treatment of chronic and acute pain and inflammation. Non-invasive monitoring of COX-2 functional expression by means of nuclear molecular imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) might provide unique opportunities to obtain data on COX-2 expression levels during disease manifestation and progression to study potential roles of COX-2 under various pathological conditions. The present review summarizes recent research efforts directed to the design and synthesis of radiotracers as molecular probes with special emphasis on COX-2 imaging.
Keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2, radiotracer, molecular imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Enzyme
Volume: 20 Issue: 35
Author(s): O. Tietz, A. Marshall, M. Wuest, M. Wang and F. Wuest
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cyclooxygenase-2, radiotracer, molecular imaging, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography.
Abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is responsible for the formation of important biological mediators including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane to trigger many physiological and patho-physiological responses. COXs exist in two distinct isoforms, a constitutively expressed form (COX-1) and an inducible form (COX-2). COX-2 is involved in the body’s response to inflammation and pain. Moreover, it has also been shown that COX-2 is overexpressed in many human cancers, and that COX-2 is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. COX-2 inhibitors are among the most widely used therapeutics for the treatment of chronic and acute pain and inflammation. Non-invasive monitoring of COX-2 functional expression by means of nuclear molecular imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) might provide unique opportunities to obtain data on COX-2 expression levels during disease manifestation and progression to study potential roles of COX-2 under various pathological conditions. The present review summarizes recent research efforts directed to the design and synthesis of radiotracers as molecular probes with special emphasis on COX-2 imaging.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tietz O., Marshall A., Wuest M., Wang M. and Wuest F., Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Enzyme, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 20 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113206660260
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113206660260 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Efficacy, Biodistribution, and Toxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Real Impact of Target Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients: Between Hope and Reality
Current Cancer Drug Targets Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Cells Towards Therapeutic Stem Cells
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Therapeutic Targets in Triple Negative Breast Cancer - Where are we now?
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Antiangiogenic Therapy and Ovarian Cancer
Current Women`s Health Reviews Guanylate Cyclase C: A Current Hot Target, from Physiology to Pathology
Current Medicinal Chemistry Comparative Study of Gene Expression Profiling Unravels Functions Associated with Pathogenesis of Dengue Infection
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Arylamine N-Acetyltransferases: Drug Discovery by High Throughput Screening
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Clinical Pharmacogenomics of Thiopurine S-methyltransferase
Current Clinical Pharmacology MARK1 is a Novel Target for miR-125a-5p: Implications for Cell Migration in Cervical Tumor Cells
MicroRNA Amino Acid Transporter ATB0,+ as a Delivery System for Drugs and Prodrugs
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Adrenergic Receptors as Targets for Cancer Treatment - A Perspective for Future Studies
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Role of Active Drug Transporters in Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Influence of Surface Charge on the Antiviral Effect of Curcumin Loaded in Nanocarrier System
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Phagoptosis - Cell Death By Phagocytosis - Plays Central Roles in Physiology, Host Defense and Pathology
Current Molecular Medicine Perspectives of Quality by Design Approach in Nanomedicines Development
Current Nanomedicine Autophagy Fails to Alter Withaferin A-Mediated Lethality in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Current Cancer Drug Targets Crosstalk Between The Immune Receptors and Gut Microbiota
Current Protein & Peptide Science Harnessing the Capacity of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Using Pharmacogenomic Tumor Profiling to Identify Biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil Response in Colorectal Cancer
Current Pharmacogenomics