Abstract
A few years ago the endocannabinoid system has been recognized as a major neuromodulatory system whose main functions are to exert and maintain the body homeostasis. Several different endocannabinoids are synthesized in a broad class of cell types, including those in the brain and the immune system; they bind to cannabinoid G-protein-coupled receptors, having profound effects on a variety of behavioral, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions. The coordinated neural, immune, behavioral and endocrine responses to inflammation are orchestrated to provide an important defense against infections and help homeostasis restoration in the body. These responses are executed and controlled mainly by the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. Also, the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system is essential for survival and plays a role recovering the homeostasis under a variety of stress conditions, including inflammation and infection. Since the endocannabinoid system components are present at sites involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation, several studies were performed in order to investigate the endocannabinoid-mediated neurotransmitters and hormones secretion under physiological and pathological conditions. In the present review we focused on the endocannabinoids actions on the neuroendocrine response to inflammation and infection. We provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the recovering of homeostasis as well as potential pharmacological therapies based on the manipulation of endocannabinoid system components that could provide novel treatments for a wide range of disorders.
Keywords: Anandamide, cannabinoid receptors, infection, cytokines, hormones, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Neuroendocrine Responses to Inflammation
Volume: 20 Issue: 29
Author(s): Andrea De Laurentiis, Hugo A. Araujo and Valeria Rettori
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anandamide, cannabinoid receptors, infection, cytokines, hormones, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland.
Abstract: A few years ago the endocannabinoid system has been recognized as a major neuromodulatory system whose main functions are to exert and maintain the body homeostasis. Several different endocannabinoids are synthesized in a broad class of cell types, including those in the brain and the immune system; they bind to cannabinoid G-protein-coupled receptors, having profound effects on a variety of behavioral, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions. The coordinated neural, immune, behavioral and endocrine responses to inflammation are orchestrated to provide an important defense against infections and help homeostasis restoration in the body. These responses are executed and controlled mainly by the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. Also, the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system is essential for survival and plays a role recovering the homeostasis under a variety of stress conditions, including inflammation and infection. Since the endocannabinoid system components are present at sites involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation, several studies were performed in order to investigate the endocannabinoid-mediated neurotransmitters and hormones secretion under physiological and pathological conditions. In the present review we focused on the endocannabinoids actions on the neuroendocrine response to inflammation and infection. We provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the recovering of homeostasis as well as potential pharmacological therapies based on the manipulation of endocannabinoid system components that could provide novel treatments for a wide range of disorders.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Laurentiis De Andrea, Araujo A. Hugo and Rettori Valeria, Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Neuroendocrine Responses to Inflammation, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140130212957
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140130212957 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targeting Chromatin Remodeling to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 9th International Meeting on Metabotropic Gglutamate Receptors (Taormina, Sicily, October 1-6, 2017).
Current Neuropharmacology The Potential Clinical Properties of Magnesium
Current Medicinal Chemistry Macrophage Derived Cystatin B/Cathepsin B in HIV Replication and Neuropathogenesis
Current HIV Research Medicinal Chemistry and the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE): Application of QSAR and Molecular Docking to Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Transplantation of Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Recent Patents on Biomedical Devices and Nanomaterials for Hyperthermal Therapy of Cancer
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine Retigabine: Could it be the Next Broad-Spectrum Antiepileptic Drug?
Current Drug Therapy Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Specificity of Excitotoxic Signaling in Neurons
Current Molecular Medicine Status Analysis of Herbal Drug Therapies in Epilepsy: Advancements in the Use of Medicinal Plants with Anti-inflammatory Properties
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ABC Transporters and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Current Pharmaceutical Design Histamine H3 Receptor: A Potential Drug Target for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Brain Aging and Disorders of the Central Nervous System: Kynurenines and Drug Metabolism
Current Drug Metabolism The Interaction Potential of Retigabine (Ezogabine) with Other Antiepileptic Drugs
Current Clinical Pharmacology Agonists and Antagonists of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: Anticonvulsants and Antiepileptogenic Agents?
Current Neuropharmacology Changes in Bone Turnover, Bone Mineral and Fracture Risk Induced by Drugs Used to Treat Epilepsy
Current Drug Safety CAR, The Continuously Advancing Receptor, in Drug Metabolism and Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Pharmacotherapy of Obesity - Benefit, Bias and Hyperbole
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacological Screening of Lantana camara for its Antiallergic Activity in Rodents
Clinical Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Drugs (Discontinued) Pharmacological Approaches Targeting Brain Cell Survival in the Context of Neurodegeneration and Potential Treatment Strategies
Current Neuropharmacology