Abstract
Adipocytes are no longer considered just as cells related to storage of energy and thermoregulation. Now we know that they release a huge number of paracrine and endocrine biologically active molecules. This is also the case for perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) that surrounds almost all blood vessels in the organism. PVAT secretes the so-called adipo(cyto)kines that, because of its proximity, can easily influence vascular smooth muscle cells. The role of PVAT on vascular function can be both protective and deleterious. Normal healthy PVAT, as present in lean subjects, helps to keep the blood vessels dilated as its presence diminishes the effect of vasocontractile agents. Obesity is associated with an increased mass in PVAT. Excessive adipocyte hypertrophy may result in “adiposopathy” in which PVAT attracts macrophages and becomes a more inflammatory phenotype. This leads to a change in profile of the released adipo(cyto)kines, resulting in a decreased vasorelaxing effect of PVAT, which may be linked to obesity-induced hypertension. It also results in smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The increased knowledge of PVAT function brings up new targets that can be useful to develop novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review presents a general overview of the actual knowledge on the role of PVAT on vascular function and dysfunction in obesity.
Keywords: Adipokines, atherosclerosis, blood vessels, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, perivascular adipose tissue, vascular dysfunction.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity
Volume: 12 Issue: 3
Author(s): Johan Van de Voorde, Charlotte Boydens, Bart Pauwels and Kelly Decaluwe
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adipokines, atherosclerosis, blood vessels, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, perivascular adipose tissue, vascular dysfunction.
Abstract: Adipocytes are no longer considered just as cells related to storage of energy and thermoregulation. Now we know that they release a huge number of paracrine and endocrine biologically active molecules. This is also the case for perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) that surrounds almost all blood vessels in the organism. PVAT secretes the so-called adipo(cyto)kines that, because of its proximity, can easily influence vascular smooth muscle cells. The role of PVAT on vascular function can be both protective and deleterious. Normal healthy PVAT, as present in lean subjects, helps to keep the blood vessels dilated as its presence diminishes the effect of vasocontractile agents. Obesity is associated with an increased mass in PVAT. Excessive adipocyte hypertrophy may result in “adiposopathy” in which PVAT attracts macrophages and becomes a more inflammatory phenotype. This leads to a change in profile of the released adipo(cyto)kines, resulting in a decreased vasorelaxing effect of PVAT, which may be linked to obesity-induced hypertension. It also results in smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The increased knowledge of PVAT function brings up new targets that can be useful to develop novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review presents a general overview of the actual knowledge on the role of PVAT on vascular function and dysfunction in obesity.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
de Voorde Van Johan, Boydens Charlotte, Pauwels Bart and Decaluwe Kelly, Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2014; 12 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666140423220628
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666140423220628 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Arterial Stiffness: Novel Therapeutic Frontiers
Arterial stiffness, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, poses significant challenges in contemporary healthcare. This thematic issue delves into the multifaceted landscape of arterial stiffness and explores cutting-edge therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating its adverse effects. Within these pages, readers will find a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffness, ...read more
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Binding Interaction Study of Novel Piperamides with Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Emerging Therapy for Diabetic Neuropathy: Cell Therapy Targeting Vessels and Nerves
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Do RAS Inhibitors Protect the Brain from Cerebral Ischemic Injury?
Current Hypertension Reviews Recent Progress in the Development of Adenosine Receptor Ligands as Antiinflammatory Drugs
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry New Perspectives on Acetaminophen
Current Cardiology Reviews Red Wine, Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endothelins and the Role of Endothelin Antagonists in the Management of Posttraumatic Vasospasm
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Exceptional Case of Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmia Induced by Etoposide
Current Drug Safety Bivalirudin or Heparin Treatment During Transcatheter Valve Interventions: Where are we Now?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Neurokinins: Peptidomimetic Ligand Design and Therapeutic Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Trigeminocardiac Reflex as Oxygen Conserving Reflex in Humans: Its Ischemic Tolerance Potential
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Next Generation Sequencing in the Management of Leptomeningeal Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Exercise Induced Cardioprotection: An Overview of a Unique Form of Preconditioning
Current Cardiology Reviews Hairy Roots, their Multiple Applications and Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Treatment of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Melatonin and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Review of Chemistry and Pharmacology of Piperidine Alkaloids of Pinus and Related Genera
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Stevia by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Etomidate Derivatives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vascular Inflammation During Human Rickettsioses: An Essential Host Response and a Potential Target for Supplemental Therapy
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry