Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health catastrophe. Mycobacterium w is a heat-killed immune-modulating vaccine designed to attenuate the effects of TB, reduce time to sputum conversion, and thereby decrease transmission and improve cure rates.
Objectives: To evaluate Mycobacterium w (M w) immunotherapy as an adjunct to chemotherapy in participants with pulmonary TB (PTB).
Search strategy: In January 2012, we performed both a database search, a handsearch and corresponded with experts in the field.
Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of M w immunotherapy versus placebo (or no control) for participants with PTB.
Data collection and analysis: Two of the authors (SP and ZK) independently extracted data. Dichotomous outcomes were analysed using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Outcomes: The primary outcome was to determine the effect of M w therapy on sputum conversion. Secondary outcomes were to determine the frequency of adverse reactions.
Main Results: Three trials (four papers) involving 368 participants were included. All four papers had methodological flaws. Overall, 173 participants received M w and 168 participants received placebo or no control. M w immunotherapy was effective at reducing time to sputum conversion at days 15 (RR 2.31; 95% CI 1.75 to 3.06; P < 0.001) and 30 (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.98; P = 0.02). After day 30, benefit was only demonstrated in the category II TB (re-treatment).
Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests benefit as regards the time to sputum conversion. The available data on M w immunotherapy for participants with PTB are however methodologically flawed. We advise that M w be investigated in a well-structured, randomised controlled trial.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium w, immunotherapy.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Mycobacterium w Immunotherapy for Treating Pulmonary Tuberculosis - a Systematic Review
Volume: 20 Issue: 39
Author(s): Shaheen Pandie, Mark E. Engel, Zita S. Kerbelker and Bongani M. Mayosi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium w, immunotherapy.
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health catastrophe. Mycobacterium w is a heat-killed immune-modulating vaccine designed to attenuate the effects of TB, reduce time to sputum conversion, and thereby decrease transmission and improve cure rates.
Objectives: To evaluate Mycobacterium w (M w) immunotherapy as an adjunct to chemotherapy in participants with pulmonary TB (PTB).
Search strategy: In January 2012, we performed both a database search, a handsearch and corresponded with experts in the field.
Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of M w immunotherapy versus placebo (or no control) for participants with PTB.
Data collection and analysis: Two of the authors (SP and ZK) independently extracted data. Dichotomous outcomes were analysed using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Outcomes: The primary outcome was to determine the effect of M w therapy on sputum conversion. Secondary outcomes were to determine the frequency of adverse reactions.
Main Results: Three trials (four papers) involving 368 participants were included. All four papers had methodological flaws. Overall, 173 participants received M w and 168 participants received placebo or no control. M w immunotherapy was effective at reducing time to sputum conversion at days 15 (RR 2.31; 95% CI 1.75 to 3.06; P < 0.001) and 30 (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.98; P = 0.02). After day 30, benefit was only demonstrated in the category II TB (re-treatment).
Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests benefit as regards the time to sputum conversion. The available data on M w immunotherapy for participants with PTB are however methodologically flawed. We advise that M w be investigated in a well-structured, randomised controlled trial.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pandie Shaheen, Engel E. Mark, Kerbelker S. Zita and Mayosi M. Bongani, Mycobacterium w Immunotherapy for Treating Pulmonary Tuberculosis - a Systematic Review, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (39) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140905150215
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140905150215 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Itraconazole Induced Congestive Heart Failure, A Case Study
Current Drug Safety Advances in the Synthesis of Calystegines and Related Products and their Biochemical Properties
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Natural DNA Intercalators as Promising Therapeutics for Cancer and Infectious Diseases
Current Cancer Drug Targets Concepts for Nano-delivery of Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Agents
Current Bionanotechnology (Discontinued) Designed Multiple Ligands: Basic Research vs Clinical Outcomes
Current Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Applications of Nanoemulsion Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of Patents in Last Two Decades
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Adaptors in Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and their Potential as Therapeutic Targets
Current Drug Targets Bedside Balance Testing in Elderly People
Current Aging Science A Multi-Method and Structure-Based <i>In Silico</i> Vaccine Designing Against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Employing Immuno-Informatics Approach
Current Proteomics Advancements within Modern Machine Learning Methodology: Impacts and Prospects in Biomarker Discovery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Graphical Abstracts
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Recent Advances in Improving Sub-Unit Vaccine Efficacy Using Cytokines as more Specific Immune Inducing Adjuvants
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Concurrence of Talaromycosis and Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV-Infected Patient: A Case Report
Current HIV Research Angiopoietin-1 and C16 Peptide Attenuate Vascular and Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles as the Delivery Carrier for Drug
Current Drug Delivery Keto and Exomethylene Pyranonucleosides as Antitumor Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Redox Proteins as Targets for Drugs Development Against Pathogens
Current Pharmaceutical Design Deubiquitinating Enzymes as Promising Drug Targets for Infectious Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19
Current Traditional Medicine Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cognitive Functions in Later Life
Current Alzheimer Research