Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased, lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore, oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research.
Keywords: Bipolar disorder, mitochondria, mood stabiliser, oxidative stress, neuroprogression.
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Pharmacotherapy
Volume: 15 Issue: 5
Author(s): Edward Callaly, Ken Walder, Gerwyn Morris, Michael Maes, Monojit Debnath and Michael Berk
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bipolar disorder, mitochondria, mood stabiliser, oxidative stress, neuroprogression.
Abstract: Bipolar disorder is a common, chronic, and complex mental illness. Bipolar disorder is frequently comorbid with primary mitochondrial and metabolic disorders, and studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathophysiology. In the brains of people with bipolar disorder, high-energy phosphates are decreased, lactate is elevated and pH decreased, which together suggest a shift toward glycolysis for energy production. Furthermore, oxidative stress is increased, and calcium signalling dysregulated. Additionally there is downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial complexes, especially complex I. The therapeutic effects of some bipolar disorder drugs have recently been shown to be related to these mechanisms. In this review we will evaluate current research on the interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and bipolar disorder pathology. We will then appraise the current literature describing the effects of bipolar disorder drugs on mitochondrial function, and discuss ramifications for future research.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Callaly Edward, Walder Ken, Morris Gerwyn, Maes Michael, Debnath Monojit and Berk Michael, Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Pharmacotherapy, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 15 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666150324122026
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666150324122026 |
Print ISSN 1389-5575 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5607 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity and indigenous knowledge to develop commercially valuable products for pharmaceutical and other applications. Bioprospecting involves searching for useful organic compounds in plants, fungi, marine organisms, and microorganisms. Natural products traditionally constituted the primary source of more than ...read more
Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry
The thematic issue "Computational Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a robust platform for delving into state-of-the-art computational methodologies and technologies that significantly propel advancements in medicinal chemistry. This edition seeks to amalgamate top-tier reviews spotlighting the latest trends and breakthroughs in the fusion of computational approaches, including artificial intelligence (AI) ...read more
Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Metabolic Disorders
Mitochondria are the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mammalian cells. Moreover, these organelles are an important source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in virtually any nucleated cell type. The modulation of a myriad of cellular signaling pathways depends on the mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed ...read more
Natural Products and Dietary Supplements in Alleviation of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Neurological Disorders
Metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer etc, cardiovascular disorders like angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure etc as well as neurological disorders like Alzheimer?s, Parkinson?s, Epilepsy, Depression, etc are the global burden. They covered the major segment of the diseases and disorders from which the human community ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Catheter-directed Thrombolysis <i>versus</i> Systemic Anticoagulation for Submassive
Pulmonary Embolism: A Meta-Analysis
Current Cardiology Reviews ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Modulators and Cardiac Arrhythmias: An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolomics and the Diagnosis of Human Diseases -A Guide to the Markers and Pathophysiological Pathways Affected
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Malignant Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (MOHS)
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Chronic Heart Failure and Exercise Intolerance: The Hemodynamic Paradox
Current Cardiology Reviews Cerebral Artery Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Developmental Changes in Dynamics and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Sensitivity
Current Vascular Pharmacology Preeclampsia as a Multifactorial Pregnancy Disorder: Clinical Symptoms,Diagnostic Tools and Research Strategies
Current Women`s Health Reviews Barriers to Risk Stratification Accuracy in Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: The Role of Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Modeling
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Safety and Efficacy of Intracoronary Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Very Old Patients with Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion
Current Pharmaceutical Design Stress Hormone-Mediated DNA Damage Response -- Implications for Cellular Senescence and Tumour Progression
Current Drug Targets Glutamate and Schizophrenia: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents The Patented Uses of D-Ribose in Cardiovascular Diseases
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Tissue Doppler Imaging: Beautiful Noise
Current Cardiology Reviews Role of PPAR-γ Agonist Thiazolidinediones in Treatment of Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic Individuals: A Cardiovascular Perspective
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders How and When Environmental Agents and Dietary Factors Affect the Course of Alzheimers Disease: The “LEARn” Model (Latent Early-Life Associated Regulation) May Explain the Triggering of AD
Current Alzheimer Research “Cardiovascular” Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Killing Two Birds with One Stone?
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetes Vascular Complications and Treatment
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Imaging of Organ Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes: Treatment Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Omecamtiv Mecarbil: A Myosin Motor Activator Agent with Promising Clinical Performance and New in vitro Results
Current Medicinal Chemistry