Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with large variation in the relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction between subgroups and individuals. Some of these differences are reflected in the way people are diagnosed. However, differences in glucose regulation exist among individuals even in those with comparable diagnostic glucose levels. In this review we address the heterogeneity of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with special emphasis on differences in the pathophysiology and treatment responses related to the diagnostic criteria. We also discuss whether novel glycaemic markers of diabetes risk can provide additional information to the established diagnostic criteria. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for elevated fasting versus postprandial glucose concentration, as well as knowledge about the expected responsiveness to treatment in individuals with different clinical characteristics at diagnosis, may contribute to optimising strategies for management of hyperglycaemia in both pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Beta cell dysfunction, diabetes management, diabetes prediction, diagnostic criteria, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, obesity, physical activity, postprandial glucose, weight loss.
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title:Heterogeneity of Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prediction, Prevention and Treatment Responsiveness
Volume: 12 Issue: 1
Author(s): Kristine Faerch, Adam Hulman and Thomas P.J. Solomon
Affiliation:
Keywords: Beta cell dysfunction, diabetes management, diabetes prediction, diagnostic criteria, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, obesity, physical activity, postprandial glucose, weight loss.
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with large variation in the relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction between subgroups and individuals. Some of these differences are reflected in the way people are diagnosed. However, differences in glucose regulation exist among individuals even in those with comparable diagnostic glucose levels. In this review we address the heterogeneity of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with special emphasis on differences in the pathophysiology and treatment responses related to the diagnostic criteria. We also discuss whether novel glycaemic markers of diabetes risk can provide additional information to the established diagnostic criteria. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for elevated fasting versus postprandial glucose concentration, as well as knowledge about the expected responsiveness to treatment in individuals with different clinical characteristics at diagnosis, may contribute to optimising strategies for management of hyperglycaemia in both pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Faerch Kristine, Hulman Adam and Solomon P.J. Thomas, Heterogeneity of Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prediction, Prevention and Treatment Responsiveness, Current Diabetes Reviews 2016; 12 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399811666150416122903
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399811666150416122903 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Editorial (Thematic Issue: Global Trends in Nanotechnological Approaches for Various Health Issues – Volume II)
Current Drug Metabolism Predictors of Cardiovascular Affection in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Current Rheumatology Reviews Natural Compounds and Drug Discovery: Can Cnidarian Venom Play a Role?
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pulmonary Hypertension: Types and Treatments
Current Cardiology Reviews Impact of CYP2D6 Genetic Variation on the Response of the Cardiovascular Patient to Carvedilol and Metoprolol
Current Drug Metabolism Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) Inhibition and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology of the Human Saphenous Vein
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Importance of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Energy Remodeling, Mitochondrial Disorder and Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diabetic Complications and Insight into Antidiabetic Potentialities of Ethno- Medicinal Plants: A Review
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Correlates of Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments: A Systematic Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death: Current Approaches and Predictive Value
Current Cardiology Reviews Adiponectin - A Novel Anti-Atherogenic Factor in the Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) AMPK Activators as Novel Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Drug-Induced Hypokalaemia
Current Drug Safety A Novel, Biodegradable, Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Attenuates Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction - a review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Assay of Carvedilol in Pure and Tablet Dosage Forms
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Oxidative Stress During Myocardial Ischaemia and Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target for Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Alzheimer Research PCSK9 Inhibition - A Novel Mechanism to Treat Lipid Disorders?
Current Pharmaceutical Design