Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe complex disabling disease that has impaired about 1% of the total population. It is widely recognized that schizophrenia is caused by the abnormal immune system. However, the current genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia did not identify any cytokine molecules except genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, suggesting that new strategies are needed to find out the effects of cytokines during the development of Schizophrenia. Recently, increasing evidences have found the comorbidity of schizophrenia with tuberculosis. To narrow down the scope of cytokines and reveal the core culprit, we first systematically review the common cytokines between these two diseases, followed by summarizing the core cytokines' interaction and modulation. The findings thus obtained may provide useful insights into the pathogeneses of both schizophrenia and tuberculosis from the angle of cytokines.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Modulation of Cytokine Network in the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Tuberculosis
Volume: 16 Issue: 6
Author(s): Lei Cai, Yu-Hong Yang, Lin He and Kuo-Chen Chou
Affiliation:
Keywords: CCL2, IL-10, IL-1β, Schizophrenia, TB, TNF-α.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe complex disabling disease that has impaired about 1% of the total population. It is widely recognized that schizophrenia is caused by the abnormal immune system. However, the current genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia did not identify any cytokine molecules except genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, suggesting that new strategies are needed to find out the effects of cytokines during the development of Schizophrenia. Recently, increasing evidences have found the comorbidity of schizophrenia with tuberculosis. To narrow down the scope of cytokines and reveal the core culprit, we first systematically review the common cytokines between these two diseases, followed by summarizing the core cytokines' interaction and modulation. The findings thus obtained may provide useful insights into the pathogeneses of both schizophrenia and tuberculosis from the angle of cytokines.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Cai Lei, Yang Yu-Hong, He Lin and Chou Kuo-Chen, Modulation of Cytokine Network in the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Tuberculosis, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150819105033
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150819105033 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Medical Applications of Hyperthermia Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) A Pharmacological Review of Five Widely Used Traditional Medicinal Plants for Sedative-Hypnotic Effects in Bangladesh
Current Traditional Medicine Mode Action Prediction of Butein as Antibacterial Oral Pathogen against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> ATCC 29212 and an Inhibitor of MurA Enzyme: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Protective Mechanisms of Helminths Against Reactive Oxygen Species are Highly Promising Drug Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Application of Optical Technology in Microfluidic Systems
Current Proteomics Glutamate-Based Drugs for the Treatment of Clinical Depression
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of IL-15 Signaling in the Induction of Innate Antiviral Responses
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Complement 3 Receptor Expression in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Immunology in Tuberculosis: Challenges in Monitoring of Disease Activity and Identifying Correlates of Protection
Current Pharmaceutical Design QSAR Models for Anti-Malarial Activity of 4-Aminoquinolines
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Chemical and Medicinal Versatility of Substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Current Bioactive Compounds Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy, Vaccination and Cancer Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Anti-Infective Protective Properties of S100 Calgranulins
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of the Carbonic Anhydrases from Two Pathogens of the Oral Cavity: Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Design, Synthesis, <i>In Silico</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Studies of Substituted 1, 2, 3, 4- Tetrahydro Pyrimidine Phosphorus Derivatives
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening The Multiple Roles of Vitamin D in Human Health. A Mini-Review
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Surfactant Protein (SP)-A and SP-D as Antimicrobial and Immunotherapeutic Agents
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Oxidation and Tyrosine Nitration Induce Structural Changes and Inhibits Plasmodium falciparum Falcipain-2 Activity In Vitro
Protein & Peptide Letters The Potential of Ganoderma Lucidum as Antimicrobial Agent for Multidrug- Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Anti-Infective Agents Benzothiazole-based Compounds in Antibacterial Drug Discovery
Current Medicinal Chemistry