Abstract
HIV is primarily transmitted to women via the cervicovaginal mucosa, with the infection remaining localized for several days prior to systemic dissemination and irreversible damage to the immune system. The early phase during which HIV infection is localized and exhibits little or no viral diversity presents a vantage point for HIV vaccines that stimulate T-cell mediated clearance. CD8+ resident memory T-cells (TRM) are positioned at mucosal entry sites and are established upon resolution of infection by mucosal pathogens. TRM cells are long-lived and locally patrol mucosal tissues. Upon antigenic reactivation, the sentinel-like functions of TRM cells mediate rapid clearance of subsequent infection by recruitment of additional immune cells from circulation and initiate a tissue-wide antiviral state, thus preventing the recurrence of disease. These properties are ideally suited for an HIV vaccine aimed at halting the infection cycle of HIV during the earliest phases. In this review, we summarize recent vaccine developments from parallel research areas incorporating the use of live mucosal vectors complemented with chemokine-regulating compounds, which can induce the seeding of the vaginal mucosa with TRM cells. We present the proposition that similar novel vaccine regimens can be translated into approaches for future HIV vaccines aimed at inducing heightened immunity in vaginal tissues against HIV.
Keywords: CTL, HIV, Mucosal immunity, Prime-pull, T-cells, Tissue resident, Vaccine, Vaginal mucosa.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Contemporary HIV Vaccines: Tissue Resident T-Cells and Strategies to Prevent Mucosal Infection
Volume: 16 Issue: 10
Author(s): Hyon-Xhi Tan, Stephen J. Kent and Robert De Rose
Affiliation:
Keywords: CTL, HIV, Mucosal immunity, Prime-pull, T-cells, Tissue resident, Vaccine, Vaginal mucosa.
Abstract: HIV is primarily transmitted to women via the cervicovaginal mucosa, with the infection remaining localized for several days prior to systemic dissemination and irreversible damage to the immune system. The early phase during which HIV infection is localized and exhibits little or no viral diversity presents a vantage point for HIV vaccines that stimulate T-cell mediated clearance. CD8+ resident memory T-cells (TRM) are positioned at mucosal entry sites and are established upon resolution of infection by mucosal pathogens. TRM cells are long-lived and locally patrol mucosal tissues. Upon antigenic reactivation, the sentinel-like functions of TRM cells mediate rapid clearance of subsequent infection by recruitment of additional immune cells from circulation and initiate a tissue-wide antiviral state, thus preventing the recurrence of disease. These properties are ideally suited for an HIV vaccine aimed at halting the infection cycle of HIV during the earliest phases. In this review, we summarize recent vaccine developments from parallel research areas incorporating the use of live mucosal vectors complemented with chemokine-regulating compounds, which can induce the seeding of the vaginal mucosa with TRM cells. We present the proposition that similar novel vaccine regimens can be translated into approaches for future HIV vaccines aimed at inducing heightened immunity in vaginal tissues against HIV.
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Cite this article as:
Tan Hyon-Xhi, Kent J. Stephen and De Rose Robert, Contemporary HIV Vaccines: Tissue Resident T-Cells and Strategies to Prevent Mucosal Infection, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150901114920
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150901114920 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
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