Abstract
Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two independent diseases, evidences from epidemiological, pathophysiological and animal studies have indicated a close pathophysiological relationship between these diseases. Due to the pathophysiological similarity of T2DM and AD, which includes insulin resistance and deficiency, protein aggregation, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagocytosis and advanced glycation end products; AD is often referred to as “type 3 diabetes”. In addition to the targeted regimens usually used for treating T2DM and AD individually, currently, anti-diabetic drugs are successfully used to reduce the cognitive decline in AD patients. Therefore, if a common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD could be clearly determined, both diseases could be managed more efficiently, possibly by shared pharmacotherapy in addition to understanding the broader spectrum of preventive strategies. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological bridge between T2DM and AD to lay the foundation for the future treatment strategies in the management of both diseases.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, pathophysiology, linkage, inflammation, oxidative stress, treatment.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease: Bridging the Pathophysiology and Management
Volume: 22 Issue: 28
Author(s): Fahmida Alam, Md. Asiful Islam, Teguh Haryo Sasongko and Siew Hua Gan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, pathophysiology, linkage, inflammation, oxidative stress, treatment.
Abstract: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are two independent diseases, evidences from epidemiological, pathophysiological and animal studies have indicated a close pathophysiological relationship between these diseases. Due to the pathophysiological similarity of T2DM and AD, which includes insulin resistance and deficiency, protein aggregation, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagocytosis and advanced glycation end products; AD is often referred to as “type 3 diabetes”. In addition to the targeted regimens usually used for treating T2DM and AD individually, currently, anti-diabetic drugs are successfully used to reduce the cognitive decline in AD patients. Therefore, if a common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD could be clearly determined, both diseases could be managed more efficiently, possibly by shared pharmacotherapy in addition to understanding the broader spectrum of preventive strategies. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological bridge between T2DM and AD to lay the foundation for the future treatment strategies in the management of both diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Alam Fahmida, Islam Asiful Md., Sasongko Haryo Teguh and Gan Hua Siew, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease: Bridging the Pathophysiology and Management, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160527160236
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160527160236 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Thrombospondin and Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Use for Design of Complementation Treatments
Current Drug Targets Electromagnetic Energy as a Bridge Between Atomic and Cellular Levels in the Genetics Approach to Cancer Treatment
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Voltage Gated ion Channels: Targets for Anticonvulsant Drugs
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Turning REST/NRSF Dysfunction in Huntingtons Disease into a Pharmaceutical Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dopamine D1 Receptors, Regulation of Gene Expression in the Brain, and Neurodegeneration
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Electrochemical DNA Biosensors in Drug Analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System as a Prospective Molecular Target for Cancer Treatment and Prevention
Current Protein & Peptide Science HDAC Inhibitors as Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Targeting Cell Death and Survival Receptors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Acetylenic Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Acupuncture Effect on Alzheimer’s Disease in Animal- Based Researches
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Data Visualization and Feature Selection Methods in Gel-based Proteomics
Current Protein & Peptide Science An Expanding Appreciation of the Role Chemokine Receptors Play in Cancer Progression
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeted Inhibition of Rictor/mTORC2 in Cancer Treatment: A New Era after Rapamycin
Current Cancer Drug Targets Drug Combinatorial Therapies for the Treatment of KRAS Mutated Lung Cancers
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the Endocannabinod System to Limit Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Cellular and Biochemical Alterations Caused by Artificial Depletion of Glutathione
Current Enzyme Inhibition Anti-Degenerative Effect of Melatonin on Intervertebral Disc: Protective Contribution against Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Autophagy
Current Drug Targets Is C-Peptide Replacement the Missing Link for Successful Treatment of Neurological Complications in Type 1 Diabetes?
Current Drug Targets Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Intracellular Calcium Signaling: A Mini Review on Mechanisms and Physiological Implications
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry