Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a low molecular weight metabolite whose production is dependent on metabolism of its precursors choline, carnitine, creatinine, betaine or lecithin by host gut microbes resulting in the synthesis of trimethylamine (TMA), which is subsequently oxidized to TMAO via hepatic flavin monooxygenase (FMO). TMAO is associated with microbial dysbiosis and is being studied for its linkage with cardiovascular disorders. In addition, dysregulated levels of TMAO have been linked with renal diseases, neurological disorders and cancer. Here we discuss the enzymatic and metabolic landscape that results in TMAO production, and in addition, collate data from numerous clinical studies that have assessed TMAO as a biomarker for various disease conditions. We also summarize the interaction of TMAO with modern and traditional drugs that together affect circulating TMAO levels in the human body.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, cardio-metabolic disorders, diet, herbs, metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:The Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide is an Emergent Biomarker of Human Health
Volume: 24 Issue: 36
Author(s): Jyoti Chhibber-Goel*, Varsha Singhal, Neeraj Parakh, Balram Bhargava and Amit Sharma*
Affiliation:
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi,India
- Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi,India
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, cardio-metabolic disorders, diet, herbs, metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide.
Abstract: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a low molecular weight metabolite whose production is dependent on metabolism of its precursors choline, carnitine, creatinine, betaine or lecithin by host gut microbes resulting in the synthesis of trimethylamine (TMA), which is subsequently oxidized to TMAO via hepatic flavin monooxygenase (FMO). TMAO is associated with microbial dysbiosis and is being studied for its linkage with cardiovascular disorders. In addition, dysregulated levels of TMAO have been linked with renal diseases, neurological disorders and cancer. Here we discuss the enzymatic and metabolic landscape that results in TMAO production, and in addition, collate data from numerous clinical studies that have assessed TMAO as a biomarker for various disease conditions. We also summarize the interaction of TMAO with modern and traditional drugs that together affect circulating TMAO levels in the human body.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Chhibber-Goel Jyoti*, Singhal Varsha, Parakh Neeraj, Bhargava Balram and Sharma Amit*, The Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide is an Emergent Biomarker of Human Health, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160830104025
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160830104025 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
ATP Synthesis Revisited: New Avenues for the Management of Mitochondrial Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase Pathway in Drug Research and Development
Current Drug Metabolism Use of STAT1 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Brain I/R Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Regulation of Adrenomedullin and its Family Peptide by RAMP System – Lessons from Genetically Engineered Mice
Current Protein & Peptide Science Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging: Recent Insights for a Therapeutical Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathways in Brain Injuries
Current Chemical Biology Potential Mechanisms of Cancer Chemoprevention by Anthocyanins
Current Molecular Medicine N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP): Potential target molecule in research of heart, kidney and brain
Current Pharmaceutical Design NKT Cell Subsets Can Exert Opposing Effects in Autoimmunity, Tumor Surveillance and Inflammation
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Update of NGAL in Acute Kidney Injury
Current Protein & Peptide Science New Insights into the Roles of NAD+-Poly(ADP-ribose) Metabolism and Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase
Current Protein & Peptide Science Meet Our Editorial Board Member:
Current Drug Targets Combination of Photodynamic Therapy with Anti-Cancer Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Fragmented ECG as a Risk Marker in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Cardiology Reviews The Acute Phase Protein α1-Acid Glycoprotein: A Model for Altered Glycosylation During Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science Resistin: An Inflammatory Cytokine. Role in Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Improvement of a Novel Proposal for Antioxidant Treatment Against Brain Damage Occurring in Ischemic Stroke Patients
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets To Be-et, or Not to Be-et, That is the Question: The Role(s) of Nitrate and Nitrite in Health and Illness
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Nitric Oxide and Dietary Factors: Part III Minerals, Vitamins and Other Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Thioredoxin-1 is a Novel and Attractive Therapeutic Approach for Various Diseases Including Cardiovascular Disorders
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets