Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 DM, has rapidly increased in industrialized and many developing countries. The predominant cause of death in diabetic patients is vascular complications. Dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia are common in diabetic patients. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were designed for lowering cholesterol synthesis. Landmark clinical trials indicated that statins effectively reduced cardiac death and events in patients with coronary artery disease or DM. The benefits of statins on the prevention of vascular events were independent from age, sex or baseline lipid levels in diabetic patients. Statins not only prevent atherosclerotic macrovascular complications, but also postpone the development of microvascular complications of DM, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. The non-cholesterol lowering or pleiotropic effects of statins have attracted vast attention. Results from experimental and clinical studies suggest that statins may attenuate inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation, and improve insulin resistance, fibrinolysis and endothelial functions and help to prevent thrombosis, restenosis or organ transplantation rejection. Statins may affect the intracellular prenylation of proteins, which modulate the activity of small-GTP binding proteins. This may be an underlying mechanism for some pleiotropic effects of statins. Statins have an excellent safety profile and seldom cause adverse effects. Increasing evidence suggests that statins are the current treatment of choice to prevent vascular complications in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Keywords: Diabetes, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, cardiovascular complications, cholesterol lowering, pleiotropic effects
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Statins for Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications
Volume: 4 Issue: 3
Author(s): Sora Ludwig and Garry X. Shen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Diabetes, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, cardiovascular complications, cholesterol lowering, pleiotropic effects
Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 DM, has rapidly increased in industrialized and many developing countries. The predominant cause of death in diabetic patients is vascular complications. Dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia are common in diabetic patients. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were designed for lowering cholesterol synthesis. Landmark clinical trials indicated that statins effectively reduced cardiac death and events in patients with coronary artery disease or DM. The benefits of statins on the prevention of vascular events were independent from age, sex or baseline lipid levels in diabetic patients. Statins not only prevent atherosclerotic macrovascular complications, but also postpone the development of microvascular complications of DM, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. The non-cholesterol lowering or pleiotropic effects of statins have attracted vast attention. Results from experimental and clinical studies suggest that statins may attenuate inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation, and improve insulin resistance, fibrinolysis and endothelial functions and help to prevent thrombosis, restenosis or organ transplantation rejection. Statins may affect the intracellular prenylation of proteins, which modulate the activity of small-GTP binding proteins. This may be an underlying mechanism for some pleiotropic effects of statins. Statins have an excellent safety profile and seldom cause adverse effects. Increasing evidence suggests that statins are the current treatment of choice to prevent vascular complications in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ludwig Sora and Shen X. Garry, Statins for Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2006; 4 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016106777698388
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016106777698388 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Arterial Stiffness: Novel Therapeutic Frontiers
Arterial stiffness, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, poses significant challenges in contemporary healthcare. This thematic issue delves into the multifaceted landscape of arterial stiffness and explores cutting-edge therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating its adverse effects. Within these pages, readers will find a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying arterial stiffness, ...read more
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Role of Neuronal Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling for the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Possible Therapeutic Implications
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Perils, Pitfalls and Opportunities of Using High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Regulated Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Glioma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Drug Safety The Effects of Angiotensin II Signaling Blockade on Platelet Activity in Subjects with Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Atypical Presentation of Tardive Dyskinesia Associated with Risperidone Long-Acting Injection as Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Case Report
Current Drug Safety Endothelial Effects of Drugs Designed to Treat Erectile Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Insulin Signaling for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Quetiapine to Treat Agitation in Dementia: A Randomized, Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Study
Current Alzheimer Research Recent Advances on Detection of Modified Forms of Low-Density Lipoproteins
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Proteochemometrics for the Prediction of Binding to the MHC Proteins
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Evaluation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Pediatric Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Disease
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) DGAT: Novel Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimers Disease and Diabetes
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets A New Alzheimers Disease Interventive Strategy: GLP-1
Current Drug Targets The Role of the Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms in Clopidogrel Efficacy and Clinical Utility
Current Medicinal Chemistry CDKN2B-AS1: An Indispensable Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanotechnology and Diabetic Wound Healing: A Review
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets