Abstract
Co-localization of transporters able to recapture the released or endogenously synthesized transmitter (homotransporters) and of transporters that can selectively take up transmitters/modulators originating from neighbouring structures (heterotransporters) has been demonstrated to occur within the same axon terminal of several neuronal phenotypes. Activation of terminal heterotransporters invariably leads to the release of the transmitter specific to the terminal. Heterotransporters are also increasingly reported to exist on neuronal soma/dendrites and nerve terminals, on the basis of morphological experiments. The functions of somatodendritic heterotransporters has been investigated only in a very limited number of cases. Release-regulating GABA heterotransporters of the GAT-1 type exist on Glu nerve terminals in different rodent brain regions including spinal cord. Activation of GABA heterotransporters provokes release of Glu, which takes place by reversal of the Glu homotransporter and by anion channel opening. Interestingly, the release of Glu induced by GABA in spinal cord is dramatically enhanced in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and this effect seems to represent the most precocious mechanism that increases extracellular Glu concentration, reported to occur in the pathomechanism.
Keywords: Concept of heterotransporters, reciprocal modulation of GABA and Glu release, GAT-1 heterotransporter, anion channel opening, reversal of EAAT-2, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Co-Existence of GABA and Glu Transporters in the Central Nervous System
Volume: 6 Issue: 10
Author(s): Giambattista Bonanno, Luca Raiteri, Silvio Paluzzi, Simona Zappettini, Cesare Usai and Maurizio Raiteri
Affiliation:
Keywords: Concept of heterotransporters, reciprocal modulation of GABA and Glu release, GAT-1 heterotransporter, anion channel opening, reversal of EAAT-2, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Abstract: Co-localization of transporters able to recapture the released or endogenously synthesized transmitter (homotransporters) and of transporters that can selectively take up transmitters/modulators originating from neighbouring structures (heterotransporters) has been demonstrated to occur within the same axon terminal of several neuronal phenotypes. Activation of terminal heterotransporters invariably leads to the release of the transmitter specific to the terminal. Heterotransporters are also increasingly reported to exist on neuronal soma/dendrites and nerve terminals, on the basis of morphological experiments. The functions of somatodendritic heterotransporters has been investigated only in a very limited number of cases. Release-regulating GABA heterotransporters of the GAT-1 type exist on Glu nerve terminals in different rodent brain regions including spinal cord. Activation of GABA heterotransporters provokes release of Glu, which takes place by reversal of the Glu homotransporter and by anion channel opening. Interestingly, the release of Glu induced by GABA in spinal cord is dramatically enhanced in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and this effect seems to represent the most precocious mechanism that increases extracellular Glu concentration, reported to occur in the pathomechanism.
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Cite this article as:
Bonanno Giambattista, Raiteri Luca, Paluzzi Silvio, Zappettini Simona, Usai Cesare and Raiteri Maurizio, Co-Existence of GABA and Glu Transporters in the Central Nervous System, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 6 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802606777323746
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802606777323746 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
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