Abstract
The aim of the present article is to review the indications, the monitoring and the complications of sedation in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). In this setting, sedation is often an unwanted side effect of anaesthetic drugs that delay discharge, however it could be specifically indicated. Such indications include postoperative anxiety and agitation, airway management and mechanical ventilation, protection against myocardial ischaemia and intracranial hypertension control. Whenever sedation is used, an appropriate monitoring is useful to achieve an adequate level for the specific indication. Methods for sedation monitoring in PACU may be subjective (clinical scales) or objective (lower oesophageal sphincter contractility measurement, heart rate variability, evoked potentials and parameters derived from the electroencephalogram). The target score of the most common clinical scales has been reviewed according to the specific indication. An adequate monitoring is fundamental to avoid the complications of sedation including bradycardia, hypotension, prolonged mechanical ventilation and increased risk of respiratory tract infection as pointed out by many recent data. Therefore, sedation should be used carefully and with an adequate monitoring in post-operative patients not to affect negatively morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: anaesthesia, bis, clinical scales, critical care, mechanical ventilation, monitoring, oacu, sedation
Current Drug Targets
Title: Sedation in PACU: Indications, Monitoring, Complications
Volume: 6 Issue: 7
Author(s): A. R. D. Gaudio and S. Rinaldi
Affiliation:
Keywords: anaesthesia, bis, clinical scales, critical care, mechanical ventilation, monitoring, oacu, sedation
Abstract: The aim of the present article is to review the indications, the monitoring and the complications of sedation in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). In this setting, sedation is often an unwanted side effect of anaesthetic drugs that delay discharge, however it could be specifically indicated. Such indications include postoperative anxiety and agitation, airway management and mechanical ventilation, protection against myocardial ischaemia and intracranial hypertension control. Whenever sedation is used, an appropriate monitoring is useful to achieve an adequate level for the specific indication. Methods for sedation monitoring in PACU may be subjective (clinical scales) or objective (lower oesophageal sphincter contractility measurement, heart rate variability, evoked potentials and parameters derived from the electroencephalogram). The target score of the most common clinical scales has been reviewed according to the specific indication. An adequate monitoring is fundamental to avoid the complications of sedation including bradycardia, hypotension, prolonged mechanical ventilation and increased risk of respiratory tract infection as pointed out by many recent data. Therefore, sedation should be used carefully and with an adequate monitoring in post-operative patients not to affect negatively morbidity and mortality.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gaudio R. D. A. and Rinaldi S., Sedation in PACU: Indications, Monitoring, Complications, Current Drug Targets 2005; 6 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945005774574542
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945005774574542 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Vascular Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs and the Roles of K+ Channels
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Cardiotonic Steroids in Adaptation to Dietary Salt Intake
Current Clinical Pharmacology Postprandial Hypotension - Novel Insights into Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications
Current Vascular Pharmacology Beta-blockers in the Perioperative Period: Are there Indications other than Prevention of Cardiac Ischemia?
Current Drug Targets Novel Approaches to Modulate Apoptosis Resistance: Basic and Clinical Implications in the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Current Drug Delivery Glaucoma and Aging
Current Aging Science Peptidergic Regulation of Pheochromocytoma
Current Pharmacogenomics Biology and Therapeutic Applications of Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Sex Steroid Hormones, Cardiovascular Diseases and The Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Endothelial Remodelling and Intracellular Calcium Machinery
Current Molecular Medicine Evolving Novel Chemical Entities for Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia#
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Trypanosomatid Parasites Causing Neglected Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of the Anticancer Potential of New Aminoalkanol Derivatives of Xanthone
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; is it Still Relevant?
Current Cardiology Reviews Applications of Nanosystems to Anticancer Drug Therapy (Part II. Dendrimers, Micelles, Lipid-based Nanosystems)
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Autoimmune Channelopathies of the Nervous System
Current Neuropharmacology COVID-19 and Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases
Current Rheumatology Reviews In vitro and in silico Evaluation of Non-Quaternary Reactivators of AChE as Antidotes of Organophosphorus Poisoning - a New Hope or a Blind Alley?
Medicinal Chemistry Citicoline and Retinal Ganglion Cells: Effects on Morphology and Function
Current Neuropharmacology Beta-Blockers use for Hypertension in the Elderly
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry