Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is a well-known selenoenzyme that functions as an antioxidant and catalyzes the reduction of harmful peroxide by glutathione and protects cells against oxidative damage. Because many diseases are related to oxidative stress, GPX is an ancient foe of many diseases. Antioxidants are very useful for biological bodies, and considerable effort has been spent to find compounds that could imitate the properties of GPX. This paper reviews GPX mimics developed so far and describes a new, more effective strategy for fabricating them. Although many GPX mimics have been made, they possess serious disadvantages: low activity, low solubility in water, and, in some cases, toxicity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we have proposed a new strategy of imitating GPX. First, a receptor with a substrate binding site is generated. Next, a catalytic group is incorporated into the receptor near the substrate binding site, allowing the catalytic group access to the functional group of the substrate. Finally, a highly efficient enzyme mimic is obtained. Using this strategy, we successfully fabricated GPX mimics that use antibodies, cyclodextrins, some enzymes and proteins as receptors and chemical modification to incorporate the catalytic group, selenocysteine (Sec). The general principle of combining a functional group involved in catalysis with a specific binding site for the substrate is an approach that could be applied to the generation of other efficient semisynthetic biocatalysts. We describe the antioxidant activities of these GPX mimics and the reasons of their being promising candidates for medicinal applications.
Keywords: glutathione peroxidase, enzyme mimics, selenium, tellurium, molecular recognition, catalytic antibody, cyclodextrin, artificial imitation
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Towards More Efficient Glutathione Peroxidase Mimics: Substrate Recognition and Catalytic Group Assembly
Volume: 10 Issue: 13
Author(s): Gui-min Luo, Xiao-jun Ren, Jun-qiu Liu, Ying Mu and Jia-cong Shen
Affiliation:
Keywords: glutathione peroxidase, enzyme mimics, selenium, tellurium, molecular recognition, catalytic antibody, cyclodextrin, artificial imitation
Abstract: Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is a well-known selenoenzyme that functions as an antioxidant and catalyzes the reduction of harmful peroxide by glutathione and protects cells against oxidative damage. Because many diseases are related to oxidative stress, GPX is an ancient foe of many diseases. Antioxidants are very useful for biological bodies, and considerable effort has been spent to find compounds that could imitate the properties of GPX. This paper reviews GPX mimics developed so far and describes a new, more effective strategy for fabricating them. Although many GPX mimics have been made, they possess serious disadvantages: low activity, low solubility in water, and, in some cases, toxicity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we have proposed a new strategy of imitating GPX. First, a receptor with a substrate binding site is generated. Next, a catalytic group is incorporated into the receptor near the substrate binding site, allowing the catalytic group access to the functional group of the substrate. Finally, a highly efficient enzyme mimic is obtained. Using this strategy, we successfully fabricated GPX mimics that use antibodies, cyclodextrins, some enzymes and proteins as receptors and chemical modification to incorporate the catalytic group, selenocysteine (Sec). The general principle of combining a functional group involved in catalysis with a specific binding site for the substrate is an approach that could be applied to the generation of other efficient semisynthetic biocatalysts. We describe the antioxidant activities of these GPX mimics and the reasons of their being promising candidates for medicinal applications.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Luo Gui-min, Ren Xiao-jun, Liu Jun-qiu, Mu Ying and Shen Jia-cong, Towards More Efficient Glutathione Peroxidase Mimics: Substrate Recognition and Catalytic Group Assembly, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2003; 10 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457502
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867033457502 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Large Unrepaired Aortopulmonary Window Presenting in Adulthood
Current Cardiology Reviews Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for Drug Delivery: Role of Liquid Lipid (Oil)
Current Drug Delivery Heart Valve Lesions In The Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Current Rheumatology Reviews A Review of Patents Relating to Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Endothelial Progenitors and Other Vasculogenesis-Related Cell Types
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Nucleic Acid Drugs for Preventing Restenosis after Coronary Revascularization
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cardiac Sarcolemmal Ion Channels and Transporters as Possible Targets for Antiarrhythmic and Positive Inotropic Drugs: Strategies of the Past-Perspectives of the Future
Current Pharmaceutical Design Organ Preference of Cancer Metastasis and Metastasis-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Including Carbohydrates
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets HDL-Targeting Therapeutics: Past, Present and Future
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fish Hydrolysates: A Regulatory Perspective of Bioactive Peptides
Protein & Peptide Letters New Approaches for the Treatment of Chagas Disease
Current Drug Targets Effects of Creatine in Skeletal Muscle Cells and in Myoblasts Differentiating Under Normal or Oxidatively Stressing Conditions
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Skeletal Muscle in Cancer Cachexia: The Ideal Target of Drug Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Relationship of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations and Systolic Heart Failure
Current Vascular Pharmacology An Augmented Passive Immune Therapy to Treat Fulminant Bacterial Infections
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Mechanisms of Neutrophil-mediated Disease: Innovative Therapeutic Interventions
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endocytosis, Intracellular Traffic and Fate of Cell Penetrating Peptide Based Conjugates and Nanoparticles
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prognostic Implications of Genetics in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmacogenomics PGD and Prenatal Diagnosis: Comparison and Review in Different Genetic Disorders
Current Women`s Health Reviews Inflammatory Markers Associated With Diabetes Mellitus – Old and New Players
Current Pharmaceutical Design miR-126 as a Therapeutic Agent for Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design