Abstract
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used for inflammation therapy. The major drawback in using the NSAIDs is in their tendency to cause gastrointestinal toxicity. Since the roles of arachidonic acid (A.A) metabolites, as leukotrienes (Lts), prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXA2) as mediators of the inflammatory reaction were clarified, much effort has been made to develop inhibitors of the production of these chemical mediators as anti-inflammatory agents. These mediators also play important roles in some inflammatory or allergic diseases, acting either alone or in combination and inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and / or cyclooxygenase isoforms 1,2 (COX-1,2) may be useful for the treatment of asthma, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Leukotrienes, the products of 5-LOX metabolism have been associated with immediate hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis and asthma. In addition, active oxygen species (AOS) including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and ferric radical, mediate cell damage in a variety of pathophysiological conditions and are responsible for oxidative injury of enzymes, lipid membranes and DNA in living cells and tissues. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes in the arachidonate pathway linked with lipid peroxidation may amplify the oxidative damage. Nirtric oxide (NO) plays also a role as an efector in inflammation, since PG and NO thought to be important in maintaining mucosal integrity. Dual or selective inhibitors, specific receptor antagonists, AOS scavengers, and NO donors have been under development for therapeutic application. Several classes of inhibitors have been identified and at least 12 major chemical series are known to affect PGs production directly. In this review, we account on our research work concerning NSAIDs combined with a reference of the recent literature.
Keywords: Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Allergy Agents, arachidonic acid (A.A), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), active oxygen species (AOS), Nirtric oxide (NO), cycloxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX)
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents
Volume: 9 Issue: 1
Author(s): C. A. Kontogiorgis and D. J. Hadjipavlou-Litina
Affiliation:
Keywords: Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Allergy Agents, arachidonic acid (A.A), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), active oxygen species (AOS), Nirtric oxide (NO), cycloxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX)
Abstract: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used for inflammation therapy. The major drawback in using the NSAIDs is in their tendency to cause gastrointestinal toxicity. Since the roles of arachidonic acid (A.A) metabolites, as leukotrienes (Lts), prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXA2) as mediators of the inflammatory reaction were clarified, much effort has been made to develop inhibitors of the production of these chemical mediators as anti-inflammatory agents. These mediators also play important roles in some inflammatory or allergic diseases, acting either alone or in combination and inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and / or cyclooxygenase isoforms 1,2 (COX-1,2) may be useful for the treatment of asthma, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Leukotrienes, the products of 5-LOX metabolism have been associated with immediate hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis and asthma. In addition, active oxygen species (AOS) including superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and ferric radical, mediate cell damage in a variety of pathophysiological conditions and are responsible for oxidative injury of enzymes, lipid membranes and DNA in living cells and tissues. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes in the arachidonate pathway linked with lipid peroxidation may amplify the oxidative damage. Nirtric oxide (NO) plays also a role as an efector in inflammation, since PG and NO thought to be important in maintaining mucosal integrity. Dual or selective inhibitors, specific receptor antagonists, AOS scavengers, and NO donors have been under development for therapeutic application. Several classes of inhibitors have been identified and at least 12 major chemical series are known to affect PGs production directly. In this review, we account on our research work concerning NSAIDs combined with a reference of the recent literature.
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Cite this article as:
Kontogiorgis A. C. and Hadjipavlou-Litina J. D., Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2002; 9 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867023371409
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867023371409 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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