Abstract
Cells of the macrophage lineage play an important role in initial infection with HIV-1 and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease throughout the course of infection. Both blood monocytes and tissue macrophages can be infected with HIV-1 in vivo and in vitro, although the latter are more susceptible to infection. They express the CD4 receptor and chemokine coreceptors for HIV-1 entry, and hence are targets for HIV-1 infection. Cells of the macrophage lineage can be infected predominantly with macrophage (M)-tropic strains, although infection with some T cell line (T)-tropic strains or dual-tropic isolates of HIV-1 (exhibiting features of both M-tropic and T-tropic isolates) has also been reported. Following infection with HIV-1, monocyte / macrophages are resistant to cytopathic effects and persist throughout the course of infection as long-term stable reservoirs for HIV-1 capable of disseminating the virus to tissues. Infectious virus can be recovered from blood monocytes obtained from patient s receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy with no detectable HIV-1 in blood. Cells of the macrophage lineage play an important role in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and contribute to HIV-induced dementia via production of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxins. Following HIV-1 infection, effector functions carried out by monocyte / macrophages are also impaired, including phagocytosis, intracellular killing, chemotaxis and cytokine production. Such defects contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS by allowing reactivation and development of opportunistic infections. This review focuses on the overall role of monocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and considers the mechanisms underlying defective monocyte / macrophage function.
Keywords: hiv, monocytes/macrophages, viral reservoirs, macrophage function, phagocytosis, neuropathogenesis
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection
Volume: 9 Issue: 21
Author(s): Katherine Kedzierska and Suzanne M. Crowe
Affiliation:
Keywords: hiv, monocytes/macrophages, viral reservoirs, macrophage function, phagocytosis, neuropathogenesis
Abstract: Cells of the macrophage lineage play an important role in initial infection with HIV-1 and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease throughout the course of infection. Both blood monocytes and tissue macrophages can be infected with HIV-1 in vivo and in vitro, although the latter are more susceptible to infection. They express the CD4 receptor and chemokine coreceptors for HIV-1 entry, and hence are targets for HIV-1 infection. Cells of the macrophage lineage can be infected predominantly with macrophage (M)-tropic strains, although infection with some T cell line (T)-tropic strains or dual-tropic isolates of HIV-1 (exhibiting features of both M-tropic and T-tropic isolates) has also been reported. Following infection with HIV-1, monocyte / macrophages are resistant to cytopathic effects and persist throughout the course of infection as long-term stable reservoirs for HIV-1 capable of disseminating the virus to tissues. Infectious virus can be recovered from blood monocytes obtained from patient s receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy with no detectable HIV-1 in blood. Cells of the macrophage lineage play an important role in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and contribute to HIV-induced dementia via production of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxins. Following HIV-1 infection, effector functions carried out by monocyte / macrophages are also impaired, including phagocytosis, intracellular killing, chemotaxis and cytokine production. Such defects contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS by allowing reactivation and development of opportunistic infections. This review focuses on the overall role of monocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and considers the mechanisms underlying defective monocyte / macrophage function.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kedzierska Katherine and Crowe M. Suzanne, The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2002; 9 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867023368935
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867023368935 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Aging and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Immunosenescence and Beyond
Current Aging Science Recent Advances in Management of Diabetic Macular Edema
Current Diabetes Reviews Non-Communicable Diseases and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Salidroside - Can it be a Multifunctional Drug?
Current Drug Metabolism Effect of Diabetes on The Blood Brain Barrier
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cerebroprotective Functions of HO-2
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Genetics of Parkinson's Disease and Other Diseases of the Extrapyramidal System)
Current Genomics Perspectives on Medicinal Properties of Benzoquinone Compounds
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of EEG Seizure Detection Units and Identifying their Complexity- A Review
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Thrombolytic Treatment of Cardiac Myxoma-Induced Ischemic Stroke: A Review
Current Drug Safety Antiatherosclerotic and Cardioprotective Effects of Time-Released Garlic Powder Pills
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Update on New Cholesterol Inhibitor: Bempedoic Acid
Current Cardiology Reviews Pituitary Dysfunction as a Cause of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Polyphenols Beyond Barriers: A Glimpse into the Brain
Current Neuropharmacology Treatment Approaches in Elderly Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial - Progress of Current Alzheimer Research
Current Alzheimer Research Alzheimer’s and Type 2 Diabetes Treatment via Common Enzyme Targeting
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Clinical Use of Neurophysiological Biomarkers and Self-Assessment Scales to Predict and Monitor Treatment Response for Psychotic and Affective Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Blood-Brain Barrier ABC-transporter P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer's Disease: Still a Suspect?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Meet Our Editor:
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued)