Abstract
This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that can arise as a result. Atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein oxidation in the vascular wall. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic conditions forms an integral part of the development of CVD, and in particular atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, occurs early on in the development of atherosclerosis, and determines future vascular complications. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria-mediated disease processes are not clear, oxidative stress seems to play an important role. In general, ROS are essential to the functions of cells, but adequate levels of antioxidant defenses are required in order to avoid the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. In this review, we will provide a summary of the cellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its role in pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis; and currently available antioxidants and possible reasons for their efficacy and inefficacy in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, antioxidant, endothelium, mitochondria, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis
Volume: 15 Issue: 26
Author(s): Victor M. Victor, Milagros Rocha, Eva Sola, Celia Banuls, Katherine Garcia-Malpartida and Antonio Hernandez- Mijares
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, antioxidant, endothelium, mitochondria, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species
Abstract: This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that can arise as a result. Atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein oxidation in the vascular wall. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic conditions forms an integral part of the development of CVD, and in particular atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, occurs early on in the development of atherosclerosis, and determines future vascular complications. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria-mediated disease processes are not clear, oxidative stress seems to play an important role. In general, ROS are essential to the functions of cells, but adequate levels of antioxidant defenses are required in order to avoid the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. In this review, we will provide a summary of the cellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its role in pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis; and currently available antioxidants and possible reasons for their efficacy and inefficacy in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Victor M. Victor, Rocha Milagros, Sola Eva, Banuls Celia, Garcia-Malpartida Katherine and Hernandez- Mijares Antonio, Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (26) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058093
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058093 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Usefulness of 5 Minutes <sup>123</sup>I-mIBG Scan in Parkinson’s Disease and Heart Failure
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Cross Talk between the Cardiovascular and Nervous Systems:Neurotrophic Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Angiogenic Effects of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-Implications in Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Tissue Doppler Imaging in Coronary Heart Diseases and Heart Failure: An Up to Date
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Risk Factors for Heart Failure Progression and Outcomes
Current Cardiology Reviews The Involvement of PPARs in the Causes, Consequences and Mechanisms for Correction of Cardiac Lipotoxicity and Oxidative Stress
Current Molecular Pharmacology The TOLL-like / Type-I Interferon Pathways as Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Autoimmune Diseases
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) ULK1 Plays a Critical Role in AMPK-Mediated Myocardial Autophagy and Contractile Dysfunction following Acute Alcohol Challenge
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiac MRI in Autoimmune Diseases: Where Are We Now?
Current Cardiology Reviews Genetics of Hypertrophic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Multitarget Network Strategies to Influence Memory and Forgetting: The Ras/Mapk Pathway as a Novel Option
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cytokine Gene Polymorphism in Heart Transplantation: A Review
Current Genomics Editorial (Thematic Issue: Managing Strategies for Diverse Diseases: Challenges from Bench to Bedside Translation in Successful Drug Discovery and Development (Part B))
Current Pharmaceutical Design PDE5 Inhibitor Treatment Options for Urologic and Non-Urologic Indications: 2012 Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design Adverse Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Induction of Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes and Vascular Endothelium
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of 18FDG PET/CT in the Assessment of Endocarditis, Myocarditis and Pericarditis
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Electromechanical Cellular Alterations
Current Vascular Pharmacology Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients
Current Hypertension Reviews Impact of Diabetes on Cardiac and Vascular Disease: Role of Calcium Signaling
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Review on Electrocardiographic Changes in Diabetic Patients
Current Diabetes Reviews Nerve Growth Factor: A Focus on Neuroscience and Therapy
Current Neuropharmacology