Abstract
The accumulation of lipids within arteries remains to be the initial impulse for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, both inflammation and oxidative stress are considered to play a critical role in this process. Several lipid lowering drugs are used as the first line therapy in atherosclerosis; however, different agents have been found to exhibit beneficial effects which are independent of their lipid lowering activity. Both statins and fibrates have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in addition to their anti-atherosclerotic actions. Furthermore, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet drugs, which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, have been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis. In addition, novel substances such as HDL-related agents, cyclopentenone prostaglandins, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitors, 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitors, acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors, analogues of probucol and lysophosphatidic acid antagonists have been developed for the treatment of atherosclerosis as a consequence of their actions on oxidative stress and inflammation. The present article reviews the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and focuses on the mechanisms of some clinically used as well as potential anti-atherosclerotic substances with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, statins, fibrates, novel anti-atherosclerotic drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Anti-Atherosclerotic Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Volume: 15 Issue: 27
Author(s): A. Adameova, Y. J. Xu, T. A. Duhamel, P. S. Tappia, L. Shan and N. S. Dhalla
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, statins, fibrates, novel anti-atherosclerotic drugs
Abstract: The accumulation of lipids within arteries remains to be the initial impulse for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, both inflammation and oxidative stress are considered to play a critical role in this process. Several lipid lowering drugs are used as the first line therapy in atherosclerosis; however, different agents have been found to exhibit beneficial effects which are independent of their lipid lowering activity. Both statins and fibrates have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in addition to their anti-atherosclerotic actions. Furthermore, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic and anti-platelet drugs, which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, have been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis. In addition, novel substances such as HDL-related agents, cyclopentenone prostaglandins, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitors, 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitors, acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors, analogues of probucol and lysophosphatidic acid antagonists have been developed for the treatment of atherosclerosis as a consequence of their actions on oxidative stress and inflammation. The present article reviews the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and focuses on the mechanisms of some clinically used as well as potential anti-atherosclerotic substances with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Adameova A., Xu J. Y., Duhamel A. T., Tappia S. P., Shan L. and Dhalla S. N., Anti-Atherosclerotic Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058048
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789058048 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Adverse HBOC-Endothelial Dysfunction Synergism: A Possible Contributor to Adverse Clinical Outcomes?
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Prediction of Degeneration of Native and Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves:Issue-Related Particularities of Diabetes Mellitus
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Resistin: A Promising Therapeutic Target for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Candesartan Cilexetil Microemulsions for Transdermal Delivery: Formulation, in-vitro Skin Permeation and Stability Assessment
Current Drug Delivery Matrix Metallopropteinases in Heart Failure
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Protective Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Disease and Renal Dysfunction
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Reliability of Blood Pressure Patterns Defined by a Single 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: The Case of the Dipping/Non Dipping and Isolated Clinic Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Overlaps in the Nosology of Substance Abuse and Overeating: The Translational Implications of “Food Addiction”
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Considerations in Understanding the Coronary Blood Flow- Left Ventricular Mass Relationship in Patients with Hypertension
Current Cardiology Reviews Heme Oxygenase-1 against Vascular Insufficiency: Roles of Atherosclerotic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Visual Spatial Attention Training Improve Spatial Attention and Motor Control for Unilateral Neglect Patients
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches
Current Medicinal Chemistry Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Body Composition in Relation to Salt Among Adolescent Resident in Sicily, Southern Italy
Current Nutrition & Food Science Potential Role of Endothelin in Early Vascular Aging
Current Hypertension Reviews Are the Extracelluar Pathways a Conduit for the Delivery of Therapeutics to the Brain?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Status of Imaging Infections with Radiolabeled Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Neuropeptides and Gastric Mucosal Homeostasis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cardioprotection by Targeting the Pool of Resident and Extracardiac Progenitors
Current Drug Targets Glucocorticoids in Pregnancy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Role of Statins for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design