Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and Crohns disease have an increased atherosclerotic risk which cannot be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone. Inflammatory pathways are implicated in this increased vascular risk. The involvement of cytokine – related signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases has prompted the development of many therapeutic strategies aimed at their modulation to limit disease severity and progression. Whether modulation of these pathways would similarly alter the inflammatory processes related to accelerated atherosclerosis remains unknown. In this review we will focus on the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors in RA, and whether they may be causal in the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in these patients.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, cytokine, inflammation, atherosclerosis, anti-microbial and anti-fungicidal properties, L tryptophane, in-dole glucosinolates, alkenyl glucosinolates, bio-fumigants, 2, –, oxazolidimethione, N, hydroxy-amino acid, aldoxime, hydroxy acid, de-sulpho glucosinolate, Moringaceae
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Cytokines as Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Inflammation
Volume: 17 Issue: 1
Author(s): Ashley M. Miller and Iain B. McInnes
Affiliation:
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, cytokine, inflammation, atherosclerosis, anti-microbial and anti-fungicidal properties, L tryptophane, in-dole glucosinolates, alkenyl glucosinolates, bio-fumigants, 2, –, oxazolidimethione, N, hydroxy-amino acid, aldoxime, hydroxy acid, de-sulpho glucosinolate, Moringaceae
Abstract: Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and Crohns disease have an increased atherosclerotic risk which cannot be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone. Inflammatory pathways are implicated in this increased vascular risk. The involvement of cytokine – related signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases has prompted the development of many therapeutic strategies aimed at their modulation to limit disease severity and progression. Whether modulation of these pathways would similarly alter the inflammatory processes related to accelerated atherosclerosis remains unknown. In this review we will focus on the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors in RA, and whether they may be causal in the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in these patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Miller Ashley and B. McInnes Iain, Cytokines as Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Inflammation, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795049796
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211795049796 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress: A Proteomic Prospective Study
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Progress in Non-Invasive Imaging of Beta Cell Mass of the Endocrine Pancreas
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacological manipulation of peripheral vascular resistance in special clinical situations after pediatric cardiac surgery
Current Vascular Pharmacology Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Vascular Wall and the Haemostatic Balance in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Emerging Role for Antioxidant Therapy in Protection Against Diabetic Cardiac Complications: Experimental and Clinical Evidence for Utilization of Classic and New Antioxidants
Current Cardiology Reviews Are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Suitable for Obtaining Antiobesity Drugs ?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Preventing Atherosclerosis with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Emphasis on Diabetic Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders High-Density Lipoprotein-Mediated Anti-Atherosclerotic and Endothelial-Protective Effects: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design One-Compound-Multi-Target: Combination Prospect of Natural Compounds with Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Current Neuropharmacology Inflammasome as a New Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Complications
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Coronary Syndrome: Ready for Prime Time?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Atorvastatin-Loaded Oleic Acid Nanoglobules for Oral Administration: In Vitro Characterization and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation
Current Nanoscience Cardiovascular Complications of HIV Infection and Treatment
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recents Patents for Isolating, Delivering and Tracking Adult Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Antiapoptotic Effect of Novel Compound from Herba leonuri-Leonurine (SCM-198): A Mechanism Through Inhibition of Mitochondria Dysfunction in H9c2 Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Should We be Concerned About the Inflammatory Response to Endovascular Procedures?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Regulation of Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Dynamic Changes in Myocardial Infarction and Postinfarct Remodeling
Current Cardiology Reviews Identification of Defective CD36 as a Quantitative Trait Locus for Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Current Genomics Anti-Inflammatory Responses of Resveratrol
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)