Abstract
The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include Graves disease (GD) and Hashimotos thyroiditis (HT), which are characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. Unravelling the genetic architecture of AITD is vital to better understanding of AITD pathogenesis, required to advance therapeutic options in both disease management and prevention. The early whole-genome linkage and candidate gene association studies provided the first evidence that the HLA region and CTLA-4 represented AITD risk loci. Recent improvements in; high throughput genotyping technologies, collection of larger disease cohorts and cataloguing of genome-scale variation have facilitated genome-wide association studies and more thorough screening of candidate gene regions. This has allowed identification of many novel AITD risk genes and more detailed association mapping. The growing number of confirmed AITD susceptibility loci, implicates a number of putative disease mechanisms most of which are tightly linked with aspects of immune system function. The unprecedented advances in genetic study will allow future studies to identify further novel disease risk genes and to identify aetiological variants within specific gene regions, which will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of AITD patho-physiology.
Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease, Graves' disease, association, genes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Multiple sclerosis, GWAS, TSHR, meta-analysis, T lymphocytes
Current Genomics
Title: Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
Volume: 12 Issue: 8
Author(s): Oliver J. Brand and Stephen C.L. Gough
Affiliation:
Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease, Graves' disease, association, genes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Multiple sclerosis, GWAS, TSHR, meta-analysis, T lymphocytes
Abstract: The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include Graves disease (GD) and Hashimotos thyroiditis (HT), which are characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. Unravelling the genetic architecture of AITD is vital to better understanding of AITD pathogenesis, required to advance therapeutic options in both disease management and prevention. The early whole-genome linkage and candidate gene association studies provided the first evidence that the HLA region and CTLA-4 represented AITD risk loci. Recent improvements in; high throughput genotyping technologies, collection of larger disease cohorts and cataloguing of genome-scale variation have facilitated genome-wide association studies and more thorough screening of candidate gene regions. This has allowed identification of many novel AITD risk genes and more detailed association mapping. The growing number of confirmed AITD susceptibility loci, implicates a number of putative disease mechanisms most of which are tightly linked with aspects of immune system function. The unprecedented advances in genetic study will allow future studies to identify further novel disease risk genes and to identify aetiological variants within specific gene regions, which will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of AITD patho-physiology.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
J. Brand Oliver and C.L. Gough Stephen, Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions, Current Genomics 2011; 12 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120790
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120790 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Deep learning in Single Cell Analysis
The field of biology is undergoing a revolution in our ability to study individual cells at the molecular level, and to integrate data from multiple sources and modalities. This has been made possible by advances in technologies for single-cell sequencing, multi-omics profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput imaging, as well as ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Properties and Clinical Applications
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Expanding Universe of Neurotrophic Factors: Therapeutic Potential in Aging and Age-Associated Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biology of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Anandamide Degradation System as Potential Target for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Related Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Crosstalk Between Covid-19 and Associated Neurological Disorders: A Review
Current Neuropharmacology The Role of Microglial Cells on Neuroinflammation: Possible Therapeutic Applications
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Synthetic Inhibitors of Group IVA and Group VIA Phospholipase A2
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Nrf2-ARE Pathway: A Valuable Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Levamisole-Induced Leukoencephalopathy in Russia: Analysis of 30 Cases
Current Drug Safety Angiopoietin-1 and C16 Peptide Attenuate Vascular and Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Other Future Targeting Therapy Beyond TNF-α Inhibitor in Patients with Spondyloarthropathy
Current Rheumatology Reviews Immune Cell Entry to Central Nervous System - Current Understanding and Prospective Therapeutic Targets
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Microbiome Regulation of Autoimmune, Gut and Liver Associated Diseases
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Regulatory T cells: Biomarkers and Immunopathogenesis
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Effect of Glatiramer Acetate on Peripheral Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Phosphorylated TrkB Levels in Relapsing- Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets SIRT1 Promotes Neuronal Fortification in Neurodegenerative Diseases through Attenuation of Pathological Hallmarks and Enhancement of Cellular Lifespan
Current Neuropharmacology Innovation in Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Current Medical Imaging P2X7 Receptors: Channels, Pores and More
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Blood-Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis: microRNAs as Key Regulators
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Kinin Receptors in Vascular Biology and Pathology
Current Vascular Pharmacology