Abstract
Cachexia is often associated with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and a reduced energy metabolism. The maintenance of muscle mass can be generally regarded as a simple balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several evidences are available in the current literature favoring a model in which myofilaments are released from the sarcomere by the action of calciumactivated calpains followed by the degradation of the myofilaments by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The initiation of the protein breakdown machinery is regulated by several factors like inflammatory cytokines, angiotensin II, insulin / insulin like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species. These factors also have the capability to influence PGC-1alpha activity, thereby regulating mitochondrial energy production. All these molecular alterations regulating muscle mass and energy production in the skeletal muscle finally leads to a reduction in exercise capacity in cachexia.
Keywords: Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), muscle protein balance, exercise training, cachexia, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, atrophy, insulin, myostatin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Muscle Metabolism and Exercise Capacity in Cachexia
Volume: 17 Issue: 35
Author(s): Volker Adams, Stefan D. Anker and Gerhard Schuler
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), muscle protein balance, exercise training, cachexia, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, atrophy, insulin, myostatin
Abstract: Cachexia is often associated with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and a reduced energy metabolism. The maintenance of muscle mass can be generally regarded as a simple balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several evidences are available in the current literature favoring a model in which myofilaments are released from the sarcomere by the action of calciumactivated calpains followed by the degradation of the myofilaments by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The initiation of the protein breakdown machinery is regulated by several factors like inflammatory cytokines, angiotensin II, insulin / insulin like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species. These factors also have the capability to influence PGC-1alpha activity, thereby regulating mitochondrial energy production. All these molecular alterations regulating muscle mass and energy production in the skeletal muscle finally leads to a reduction in exercise capacity in cachexia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Adams Volker, D. Anker Stefan and Schuler Gerhard, Muscle Metabolism and Exercise Capacity in Cachexia, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357746
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357746 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Twenty Years of Alcohol Septal Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Current Cardiology Reviews Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Hypertension in the Elderly
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in HIV-Infected Patients: A Multicenter Case Control Study
Current HIV Research Cerebral Palsy: Classification, Etiology and Evolution of Spine Deformity in Children and Adolescents
Current Pediatric Reviews Biomarkers Associated with Atrial Fibrosis and Remodeling
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Anti-Anginal Drugs: Ranolazine
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Obesity-Associated Hypertension in Childhood: A New Epidemic Problem
Current Hypertension Reviews Sildenafil and Cardioprotection
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bone Marrow Cell Therapy in Clinical Trials: A Review of the Literature
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials AMI and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Case Report with Systematic Review
Current Cardiology Reviews Novel Targets for Cardiac Antiarrhythmic Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Overview of Angiogenesis and the use of Bevacizumab in Patients with Malignant Gliomas
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Targeting the Platelet Integrin GPIIb/IIIa
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Glycation Angle to Look into the Diabetic Vasculopathy: Cause and Cure
Current Vascular Pharmacology Applied Proteomics in Companion Animal Medicine
Current Proteomics Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis: The Role of Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Long-Term Outcome of Cardio Respiratory Exercise Performance After Surgery
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Cytopathological Mechanisms in Mitochondrial Disease
Current Chemical Biology Lipids, Statins and Heart Failure: An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design