Abstract
Prior work has suggested that obesity and overweight as measured by body mass index (BMI) increases risk of dementia. It is unknown if there is a difference in the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) versus vascular dementia (VaD) associated with high body weight. The goal of this study was to examine the association between midlife BMI and risk of both AD and VaD an average of 36 years later in a large (N= 10,136) and diverse cohort of members of a health care delivery system. Participants aged 40-45 participated in health exams between 1964 and 1968. AD and VaD diagnoses were obtained from Neurology visits between January 1, 1994 and June 15, 2006. Those with diagnoses of general dementia from primary care providers were excluded from the study. BMI was analyzed in WHO categories of underweight, overweight and obese, as well as in subdivisions of WHO categories. All models were fully adjusted for age, education, race, sex, marital status, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease and stroke. Cox proportional hazard models showed that compared to those with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9), those obese (BMI > 30) at midlife had a 3.10 fold increase in risk of AD (fully adjusted model, Hazard Ratio=3.10, 95% CI 2.19-4.38), and a five fold increase in risk of VaD (fully adjusted model, HR=5.01, 95% CI 2.98-8.43) while those overweight ( BMI > 25 and < 30) had a two fold increase in risk of AD and VaD (fully adjusted model, HR=2.09, 95% CI 1.69-2.60 for AD and HR=1.95, 95% CI 1.29-2.96 for VaD). These data suggest that midlife BMI is strongly predictive of both AD and VaD, independent of stroke, cardiovascular and diabetes co morbidities. Future studies need to unveil the mechanisms between adiposity and excess risk of AD and VaD.
Keywords: obesity, overweight, body mass index, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, dementia, adiposity, midlife
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Body Mass Index in Midlife and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): Rachel A. Whitmer, Erica P. Gunderson, Charles P. Quesenberry, Jufen Zhou and Kristine Yaffe
Affiliation:
Keywords: obesity, overweight, body mass index, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, dementia, adiposity, midlife
Abstract: Prior work has suggested that obesity and overweight as measured by body mass index (BMI) increases risk of dementia. It is unknown if there is a difference in the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) versus vascular dementia (VaD) associated with high body weight. The goal of this study was to examine the association between midlife BMI and risk of both AD and VaD an average of 36 years later in a large (N= 10,136) and diverse cohort of members of a health care delivery system. Participants aged 40-45 participated in health exams between 1964 and 1968. AD and VaD diagnoses were obtained from Neurology visits between January 1, 1994 and June 15, 2006. Those with diagnoses of general dementia from primary care providers were excluded from the study. BMI was analyzed in WHO categories of underweight, overweight and obese, as well as in subdivisions of WHO categories. All models were fully adjusted for age, education, race, sex, marital status, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease and stroke. Cox proportional hazard models showed that compared to those with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9), those obese (BMI > 30) at midlife had a 3.10 fold increase in risk of AD (fully adjusted model, Hazard Ratio=3.10, 95% CI 2.19-4.38), and a five fold increase in risk of VaD (fully adjusted model, HR=5.01, 95% CI 2.98-8.43) while those overweight ( BMI > 25 and < 30) had a two fold increase in risk of AD and VaD (fully adjusted model, HR=2.09, 95% CI 1.69-2.60 for AD and HR=1.95, 95% CI 1.29-2.96 for VaD). These data suggest that midlife BMI is strongly predictive of both AD and VaD, independent of stroke, cardiovascular and diabetes co morbidities. Future studies need to unveil the mechanisms between adiposity and excess risk of AD and VaD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Whitmer A. Rachel, Gunderson P. Erica, Quesenberry P. Charles, Zhou Jufen and Yaffe Kristine, Body Mass Index in Midlife and Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia, Current Alzheimer Research 2007; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720507780362047
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720507780362047 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches to Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Management of Hypertension in Patients with Aortic Valvular Stenosis
Current Hypertension Reviews Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Retinal Images Through Vessel Segmentation Graph
Current Medical Imaging Quantitative Coronary Angiography: Back to the Past
Recent Patents on Medical Imaging Cellular Cardiomyoplasty – Challenges of a New Era
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) Jun Dimerization Protein 2 in Oxygen Restriction; Control of Senescence
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Horizons in Diabetes Therapy
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Therapeutic Progress and Knowledge Basis on the Natriuretic Peptide System in Heart Failure
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Interaction of Anthocyanins with Drug-metabolizing and Antioxidant Enzymes
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Agents – Manifold Consequences: The Management of Lung and Colorectal Cancer is Changing
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Sex Differences in Biomarkers for Predicting Cardiovascular and Coronary Events
Current Vascular Pharmacology The New Adipose Tissue and Adipocytokines
Current Diabetes Reviews Editorial
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Successfully Resuscitated Sudden Cardiac Death in a Young Homosexual Male with HIV Myocarditis
Current HIV Research Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury: An Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Biotechnology The Rapidly Changing Composition of the Global Street Drug Supply and its Effects on High-risk Groups for COVID-19
Current Psychopharmacology CCR2 Antagonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Atrial Fibrillation: The Emerging Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Effects of Structured Treatment Interruptions on Metabolic, Anthropometric, Immunologic, and Quality of Life Outcomes in HIV-Positive Adults on HAART
Current HIV Research