Abstract
To date, small-molecule amyloid-imaging agents for in vivo detection and quantitation of amyloid deposits in Alzheimers disease (AD) have been developed and successfully applied to human subjects. Preliminary studies have indicated that these amyloid-imaging agents were accumulated in the AD brains in a pattern that is relatively consistent with AD pathology, at least in the regions of amyloid-rich grey matter. These studies have also proven the concept that amyloid dyes, normally too hydrophilic to enter the brain, can be chemically modified to enhance brain permeability, binding affinity, as well as improve binding specificity for amyloid deposits. Related studies have suggested that structurally different agents can be developed that bind to different sites on amyloid deposits. In fact, in vivo cross-referencing studies based upon different amyloid-imaging agents may permit better characterization of AD pathology. But more importantly, novel amyloid imaging agents are required that will allow direct correlation between the results of animal models and human subjects based upon identical imaging modalities. Thus far, amyloid stains such as Congo red and thioflavin T have been extensively studied. However, another widely used amyloid dye, thioflavin S, has not been previously explored. This is in part due to the fact that thioflavin S exists as a mixture, not a pure chemical entity, albeit that the major component has been characterized. We hypothesized that neutral analogs, based upon the major component, could be developed as novel amyloid imaging agents, that exhibit complementary binding properties and pharmacokinetic profiles compatible with potential human studies.
Keywords: alzheimers disease, amyloid, congo red, thioflavin t, thioflavin s
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Development of Novel Amyloid Imaging Agents Based Upon Thioflavin S
Volume: 2 Issue: 2
Author(s): Jingjun Wei, Chunying Wu, David Lankin, Anil Gulrati, Tibor Valyi-Nagy, Elizabeth Cochran, Victor W. Pike, Alan Kozikowski and Yanming Wang
Affiliation:
Keywords: alzheimers disease, amyloid, congo red, thioflavin t, thioflavin s
Abstract: To date, small-molecule amyloid-imaging agents for in vivo detection and quantitation of amyloid deposits in Alzheimers disease (AD) have been developed and successfully applied to human subjects. Preliminary studies have indicated that these amyloid-imaging agents were accumulated in the AD brains in a pattern that is relatively consistent with AD pathology, at least in the regions of amyloid-rich grey matter. These studies have also proven the concept that amyloid dyes, normally too hydrophilic to enter the brain, can be chemically modified to enhance brain permeability, binding affinity, as well as improve binding specificity for amyloid deposits. Related studies have suggested that structurally different agents can be developed that bind to different sites on amyloid deposits. In fact, in vivo cross-referencing studies based upon different amyloid-imaging agents may permit better characterization of AD pathology. But more importantly, novel amyloid imaging agents are required that will allow direct correlation between the results of animal models and human subjects based upon identical imaging modalities. Thus far, amyloid stains such as Congo red and thioflavin T have been extensively studied. However, another widely used amyloid dye, thioflavin S, has not been previously explored. This is in part due to the fact that thioflavin S exists as a mixture, not a pure chemical entity, albeit that the major component has been characterized. We hypothesized that neutral analogs, based upon the major component, could be developed as novel amyloid imaging agents, that exhibit complementary binding properties and pharmacokinetic profiles compatible with potential human studies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wei Jingjun, Wu Chunying, Lankin David, Gulrati Anil, Valyi-Nagy Tibor, Cochran Elizabeth, Pike W. Victor, Kozikowski Alan and Wang Yanming, Development of Novel Amyloid Imaging Agents Based Upon Thioflavin S, Current Alzheimer Research 2005; 2 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205053585864
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205053585864 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Patents of Pentoxifylline Administration on Some Diseases and Chronic Wounds
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Synthesis of Chiral 2-(6,8-dichloro-4-methyl-1,1,3-trioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-1λ6-benzo[1,2,4]thiadiazin-2-yl) Carboxylic Acids Derived from Enantiomeric Amino Acids
Letters in Organic Chemistry Recent Development of Multifunctional Agents as Potential Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry miR-132 Down-regulates Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) During Cognitive Dysfunction Following Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Current Neurovascular Research Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb761 Attenuates Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced AD Like Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats
Current Alzheimer Research Genome-Wide Association Studies: Is there a Genotype for Cognitive Decline in Older Persons with Type 2 Diabetes?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chest Pain, Panic Disorder and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Therapeutic Targets in Extracellular Protein Deposition Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Application of the In Combo Screening Approach For the Discovery of Non-Alkaloid Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Cichorium intybus
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Recent Advances in Visualizing Alzheimers Plaques by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Platelets as Potential Link Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Role in Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Selective Serotonin-norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibition Limits Renovas-cular-hypertension Induced Cognitive Impairment, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress Injury
Current Neurovascular Research Gene Therapy as a Novel Pharmaceutical Intervention for Stroke
Current Pharmaceutical Design Improved Brain Expression of Anti-Amyloid β scFv by Complexation of mRNA Including a Secretion Sequence with PEG-based Block Catiomer
Current Alzheimer Research An Expedient Synthesis and Screening for Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity of Piperidine Embedded Novel Pentacyclic Cage Compounds
Medicinal Chemistry Exploration of Potent Multi-target-directed-ligands as Anti-alzheimer’s Disease Agents: A Moiety Based Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Nerve Growth Factor: Structure, Function and Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimers Disease
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Effect of Solvents, Drug/Polymer Ratio and Surfactant Concentration on In Vitro Characteristic of Repaglinide Loaded Poly (Meth) Acrylate Nanoparticles
Micro and Nanosystems Lipoprotein (a) Evolution: Possible Benefits and Harm. Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing its Plasma Levels
Current Medicinal Chemistry