Abstract
Essential hypertension may be a consequence of structural and functional alterations of the microvascular network growth resulting partly from abnormal regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most potent known angiogenic factors. As data from clinical trials on anti-VEGF drugs are becoming available, it is increasingly recognized that VEGF, in addition to being a proliferation and migration factor, is also a maintenance and protection factor for endothelial cells, whose altered regulation may cause a disturbance of vascular homeostasis. Elevated VEGF levels in hypertensive patients were shown to correlate with cardiovascular risk, early microvascular and target organ damage; accordingly treatment of hypertension significantly reduced VEGF levels. Recently and in agreement with the theory that impaired angiogenesis can contribute to increased peripheral resistance and raised blood pressure (BP), an involvement of VEGF gene promoter polymorphisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension has been hypothesized. In the last decade, anti-VEGF drugs have been used in clinical practice, especially in the oncology field. This review will summarize the present understanding of the contribution of VEGF to neoangiogenesis in hypertension and its possible role as a marker of vascular damage. Given the well established effects that antihypertensive drugs exert on the vasculature beyond BP lowering (pleiotropic effects), we will also discuss the effects of antihypertensive treatment on circulating VEGF levels. The biological mechanism and clinical impact of hypertensive complications during anti-angiogenic treatments will also be reviewed.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, antihypertensive drugs, bevacizumab, endothelium, essential hypertension, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular homeostasis, vasoconstriction, CVD
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Angiogenesis and Hypertension: The Dual Role of Anti-Hypertensive and Anti-Angiogenic Therapies
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): Patrizia Ferroni, David Della-Morte, Raffaele Palmirotta, Tatjana Rundek, Fiorella Guadagni and Mario Roselli
Affiliation:
Keywords: Angiogenesis, antihypertensive drugs, bevacizumab, endothelium, essential hypertension, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular homeostasis, vasoconstriction, CVD
Abstract: Essential hypertension may be a consequence of structural and functional alterations of the microvascular network growth resulting partly from abnormal regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most potent known angiogenic factors. As data from clinical trials on anti-VEGF drugs are becoming available, it is increasingly recognized that VEGF, in addition to being a proliferation and migration factor, is also a maintenance and protection factor for endothelial cells, whose altered regulation may cause a disturbance of vascular homeostasis. Elevated VEGF levels in hypertensive patients were shown to correlate with cardiovascular risk, early microvascular and target organ damage; accordingly treatment of hypertension significantly reduced VEGF levels. Recently and in agreement with the theory that impaired angiogenesis can contribute to increased peripheral resistance and raised blood pressure (BP), an involvement of VEGF gene promoter polymorphisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension has been hypothesized. In the last decade, anti-VEGF drugs have been used in clinical practice, especially in the oncology field. This review will summarize the present understanding of the contribution of VEGF to neoangiogenesis in hypertension and its possible role as a marker of vascular damage. Given the well established effects that antihypertensive drugs exert on the vasculature beyond BP lowering (pleiotropic effects), we will also discuss the effects of antihypertensive treatment on circulating VEGF levels. The biological mechanism and clinical impact of hypertensive complications during anti-angiogenic treatments will also be reviewed.
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Cite this article as:
Ferroni Patrizia, Della-Morte David, Palmirotta Raffaele, Rundek Tatjana, Guadagni Fiorella and Roselli Mario, Angiogenesis and Hypertension: The Dual Role of Anti-Hypertensive and Anti-Angiogenic Therapies, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2012; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016112800812836
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016112800812836 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
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