Generic placeholder image

Current Drug Metabolism

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2002
ISSN (Online): 1875-5453

Review Article

Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modelling of Transporter Mediated Drug Absorption, Clearance and Drug-drug Interactions

Author(s): Kunal S. Taskar, Isobel Harada and Ravindra V. Alluri*

Volume 22, Issue 7, 2021

Published on: 01 January, 2021

Page: [523 - 531] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1389200221999210101233340

Price: $65

Abstract

Membrane transporters play an important role in intestinal absorption, distribution and clearance of drugs. Additionally transporters along with enzymes regulate tissue exposures (e.g. liver, kidney and brain), which are important for safety and efficacy considerations. Early identification of transporters involved guides generation of in vitro and in vivo data needed to gain mechanistic understanding on the role of transporters in organ clearance, tissue exposures and enables development of physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. A lot of progress has been made in developing several in vitro assay systems and mechanistic in silico models to determine kinetic parameters for transporters, which are incorporated into PBPK models. Although, intrinsic clearance and inhibition data from in vitro systems generally tend to underpredict in vivo clearance and magnitude of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), empirical scaling factors derived from a sizable dataset are often used to offset underpredictions. PBPK models are increasing used to predict the impact of transporters on intestinal absorption, clearance, victim and perpetrator DDIs prior to first in human clinical trials. The models are often refined when clinical data is available and are used to predict pharmacokinetics in untested scenarios such as the impact of polymorphisms, ontogeny, ethnicity, disease states and DDIs with other perpetrator drugs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of (i) regulatory requirements around transporters, (ii) in vitro systems and their limitations in predicting transporter mediated drug disposition and DDIs, (iii) PBPK modelling tactics and case studies used for internal decision making and/or for regulatory submissions.

Keywords: Transporter-enzyme interplay, extended clearance model, intestinal absorption, hepatic clearance, renal clearance, brain and blood-brain barrier, PBPK models, drug-drug interactions.

Graphical Abstract

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy