Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Xiaoyao Pill Improves the Affective Dysregulation of Sleep-deprived Female Mice by Inhibiting Brain Injury and Regulating the Content of Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Author(s): Yujie Li, Dandan Wei, Minghao Zhang, Tiantian Yue, Huimin Du, Qi Liu, Shihu Gan, Hanbin Liu, Yijie Dong, Xinyue Qiao, Yichi Zhang and Liping Yang*

Volume 23, Issue 8, 2022

Published on: 18 January, 2022

Page: [1080 - 1093] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666211012102501

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Sleep curtailment is a serious problem in many societies. Clinical evidence has shown that sleep deprivation is associated with mood dysregulation, formation of false memory, cardio-metabolic risk factors and outcomes, inflammatory disease risk, and all-cause mortality. The affective disorder dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep has become an increasingly serious health problem. However, to date, not much attention has been paid to the mild affective dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep, and there is no clear and standard therapeutic method to treat it. The Xiaoyao Pill is a classic Chinese medicinal formula, with the effect of dispersing stagnated hepatoqi, invigorating the spleen, and nourishing the blood. Therefore, it is most commonly used to treat gynecological diseases in China. In the present study, the effects of the Xiaoyao Pill on affective dysregulation of sleep-deprived mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated.

Methods: Forty adult female mice were used in the present study. The sleep deprivation model was established by improving the multi-platform water environment method. After 7 consecutive days of sleep deprivation, the mice were administrated low (LXYP, 0.32mg/kg) and high (HXYP, 0.64 mg/kg) doses of the Xiaoyao Pill for two weeks. Then, the body weight, behavioral deficits, and histopathology were evaluated. Meanwhile, the expression of c-fos protein and the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined after two weeks of treatment.

Results: Xiaoyao Pill treatment significantly increased body weight and sucrose consumption and decreased the irritability scores of the sleep-deprived mice. Meanwhile, Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented brain injury and inhibited the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, HXYP treatment significantly upregulated the levels of NE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01). LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile, both HXYP and LXYP treatment significantly upregulated the levels of DA in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) of sleep-deprived mice.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented the behavioral deficits of mice induced by sleep deprivation by promoting the recovery of brain tissue injury and up-regulating the levels of NE, 5-HT, and DA in the brain tissue.

Keywords: Xiaoyao Pill, sleep deprivation, monoamine neurotransmitters, brain tissue injury, 5HT, body weight.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Steptoe, A.; Peacey, V.; Wardle, J. Sleep duration and health in young adults. Arch. Intern. Med., 2006, 166(16), 1689-1692.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.16.1689] [PMID: 16983045]
[2]
Carskadon, M.A. Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm. Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 2011, 58(3), 637-647.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2011.03.003] [PMID: 21600346]
[3]
Bryant, N.B.; Gómez, R.L. The teen sleep loss epidemic: What can be done? Transl. Issues Psychol. Sci., 2015, 1(1), 116-125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tps0000020]
[4]
Do, Y.K.; Shin, E.; Bautista, M.A.; Foo, K. The associations between self-reported sleep duration and adolescent health outcomes: what is the role of time spent on Internet use? Sleep Med., 2013, 14(2), 195-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.09.004] [PMID: 23068781]
[5]
Ohida, T.; Osaki, Y.; Doi, Y.; Tanihata, T.; Minowa, M.; Suzuki, K.; Wada, K.; Suzuki, K.; Kaneita, Y. An epidemiologic study of self-reported sleep problems among Japanese adolescents. Sleep, 2004, 27(5), 978-985.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.5.978] [PMID: 15453558]
[6]
Cappuccio, F.P.; Miller, M.A. Sleep and cardio-metabolic disease. Curr. Cardiol. Rep., 2017, 19(11), 110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11886-017-0916-0] [PMID: 28929340]
[7]
Irwin, M.R.; Olmstead, R.; Carroll, J.E. Sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and experimental sleep deprivation. Biol. Psychiatry, 2016, 80(1), 40-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014] [PMID: 26140821]
[8]
Lo, J.C.; Ong, J.L.; Leong, R.L.; Gooley, J.J.; Chee, M.W. Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: the need for seep study. sleep, 2016, 39(3), 687-698.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5552] [PMID: 26612392]
[9]
Zare Khormizi, H.; Salehinejad, M.A.; Nitsche, M.A.; Nejati, V. Sleep-deprivation and autobiographical memory: evidence from sleep-deprived nurses. J. Sleep Res., 2019, 28(1), e12683.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12683] [PMID: 29624749]
[10]
Lo, J.C.; Chong, P.L.; Ganesan, S.; Leong, R.L.; Chee, M.W. Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory. J. Sleep Res., 2016, 25(6), 673-682.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12436] [PMID: 27381857]
[11]
Harvey, A.G.; Kaplan, K.A.; Soehner, A.M. Interventions for sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder. Sleep Med. Clin., 2015, 10(1), 101-105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.005] [PMID: 25750600]
[12]
Shi, B.; Luo, J.; Fang, Y.; Liu, X.; Rao, Z.; Liu, R.; Zeng, N. Xiaoyao Pills prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced depression by inhibiting inflammation and protecting nerves. Front. Pharmacol., 2019, 10, 1324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01324] [PMID: 31798446]
[13]
Huping, W.; Hongyan, W. Effect of Xiaoyao Powder on the ethology, morphology, and sctivities of neurotransmitters of Alzheimer’s disease model mice. Chi. J. Integ. Traditi., 2014, 34(04), 471-474.
[14]
Hongbo, Z.; Xiaohui, B.; Xiaojuan, L.; Na, L.; Yueyun, L.; Yifang, Z.; Zhongye, J.; Qun, L.; Jing, L. Behavior evaluation of Xiaoyaosan treating anxiety model rats caused by chronic immobilization stress. Zhonghua Zhongyiyao Zazhi, 2014, 029(005), 1669-1673.
[15]
Li, Z. Clinical analysis of low dose progesterone injection and Xiaoyao Pill in the treatment of threatened abortion. Women’s Health Research, 2019, 23, 59-68.
[16]
Zhu, W.; Fan, Y.; Shi, Y. Clinical observation of low dose bromocriptine combined with Xiaoyao Pill in the treatment of female hyperprolactinemia infertility. J. Community Med., 2020, 18(05), 349-352.
[17]
You, J.; Jia, M. Clinical effects of Guizhi Fuling Pills combined with Supplemented Xiaoyao Pills on patients with simple ovarian cyst. Zhongchengyao, 2019, 41(11), 2651-2655.
[18]
Shun, L.; Xue, D. Clinical efficacy of Jiawei Sicao Decoction and Xuguan Danzhi Xiaoyao Pill in the treatment of menorrhagia with blood heat and blood stasis syndrome. Electronic J. Practical Gynecol. Endocrinol., 2019, 6(32), 78-79.
[19]
Rao, Y.; Liu, D. Clinical observation of Xiaoyao Pill Combined with Siwu Decoction in the treatment of irregular menstruation. Guangming J. Chin. Med., 2019, 34(14), 2161-2163.
[20]
Zhang, X. Clinical effect of Xiaoyao Pill on vestibular migraine. Med. J. Chin. People’s Health, 2019, 31(21), 116-117.
[21]
Fang, T.; Hui, J. Clinical study of tongli zhuji acupuncture method combined with xiaoyao pill in the treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia of liver depression of Qi stagnation type. J. Shanxi Uni. of Chin. Med., 2019, 42(06), 96-99.
[22]
Zheng, X. Clinical research on Triple energizer acupuncture method of acne of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. Master, Guangzhou University of traditional. Chin. Med., 2019.
[23]
Li, M. Curative effect observation on chloasma (the type of liver depression and qi stagnation) treated with fire needle therapy combined with xiaoyao pills. Master, Guangzhou University of traditional. Chin. Med., 2019.
[24]
Wang, L. Clinical observation of Liuwei Dihuang Pill Combined with Jiawei Xiaoyao Pill in the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Chin. Medi. J. Metallurg. Industry, 2019, 36(06), 736-737.
[25]
Wang, X.; Shi, T. Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Application of Xiaoyao Pill J. Minzu Univ. of China, 2019, 28(01), 52-56.
[26]
Jing, L.L.; Zhu, X.X.; Lv, Z.P.; Sun, X.G. Effect of Xiaoyaosan on major depressive disorder. Chin. Med., 2015, 10, 18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-015-0050-0] [PMID: 26191079]
[27]
Liu, S.; Jing, X.; Xie, A.; An, X.; Han, J.; Liu, L. Observation on the curative effect of balance acupuncture combined with xiaoyao pill in treating perimenopausal insomnia with liver depression and blood deficiency. J. China Prescript. Drug, 2019, 17(06), 129-130.
[28]
Liu, Z.; Wang, X.; Hua, J. Clinical effect of Xiaoyao Pill on stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Cardiovasc. Dis. Electronic J. Integr. Traditi. Chin. Western Med., 2019, 7(05), 135-136.
[29]
Niijima, F.; Saito, H.; Murai, S.; Arai, Y.; Nakagawasai, O.; Tan-No, K.; Watanabe, H.; Hiraga, H.; Tadano, T. Effects of atomoxetine on levels of monoamines and related substances in discrete brain regions in mice intermittently deprived of rapid eye movement sleep. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2010, 33(4), 617-621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.617] [PMID: 20410595]
[30]
Wang, Z.; Chen, L.; Zhang, L.; Wang, X. Paradoxical sleep deprivation modulates depressive-like behaviors by regulating the MAOA levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Brain Res., 2017, 1664, 17-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.022] [PMID: 28365314]
[31]
Herraiz, T.; Guillén, H. Monoamine oxidase-a inhibition and associated antioxidant activity in plant extracts with potential antidepressant actions. BioMed Res. Int., 2018, 2018, 4810394.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4810394] [PMID: 29568754]
[32]
Cirelli, C.; Pompeiano, M.; Tononi, G. Sleep deprivation and c-fos expression in the rat brain. J. Sleep Res., 1995, 4(2), 92-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00157.x] [PMID: 10607147]
[33]
Marvel, F.A.; Chen, C.C.; Badr, N.; Gaykema, R.P.; Goehler, L.E. Reversible inactivation of the dorsal vagal complex blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced social withdrawal and c-Fos expression in central autonomic nuclei. Brain Behav. Immun., 2004, 18(2), 123-134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2003.09.004] [PMID: 14759590]
[34]
Kaczmarek, L.; Nikołajew, E. c-fos protooncogene expression and neuronal plasticity. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Warsz.), 1990, 50(4-5), 173-179.
[PMID: 2130639]
[35]
Morinobu, S.; Nibuya, M.; Duman, R.S. Chronic antidepressant treatment down-regulates the induction of c-fos mRNA in response to acute stress in rat frontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology, 1995, 12(3), 221-228.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-133X(94)00067-A] [PMID: 7612155]
[36]
Wu, L.L.; Liu, Y.; Yan, C.; Pan, Y.; Su, J.F.; Wu, W.K. Antidepressant-like effects of fractions prepared from danzhi-xiaoyao-san decoction in rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress: effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, arginine vasopressin, and neurotransmitters. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2016, 2016, 6784689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6784689] [PMID: 27413389]
[37]
Zhao, H.B.; Jiang, Y.M.; Li, X.J.; Liu, Y.Y.; Bai, X.H.; Li, N.; Chen, J.X.; Liu, Q.; Yan, Z.Y.; Zhao, F.Z. Xiao Yao San improves the anxiety-like behaviors of rats induced by chronic immobilization stress: the involvement of the JNK signaling pathway in the Hippocampus. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2017, 40(2), 187-194.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b16-00694] [PMID: 28154259]
[38]
Meng, P.; Han, Y.; Yang, Q.; Yang, H.; Zhu, Q.; Lin, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, H.; Liu, Z.; Liu, J.; Tang, L.; Luo, W.; Wang, Y. Xiaoyao, Kangai; Jieyu, A chinese herbal formulation, ameliorates cancer-related depression concurrent with breast cancer in mice via promoting hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2018, 2018, 3967642.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3967642] [PMID: 30581482]
[39]
Fang, Y.; Shi, B.; Liu, X.; Luo, J.; Rao, Z.; Liu, R.; Zeng, N. Xiaoyao Pills attenuate inflammation and nerve injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in hippocampal neurons In Vitro. Neural Plast., 2020, 2020, 8841332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841332] [PMID: 33014035]
[40]
Wang, X.; Shi, T. Research Progress in Pharmacology and clinical application of Xiaoyao pills. J. Central Univ. Ationalities, 2019, 28(01), 52-56.
[41]
Haiyan, L. Fingerprint and multi-component determination of Xiaoyao pills by HPLC. Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi, 2018, 038(001), 89-96.
[42]
Fang, S.; Dai, J.; Guo, W.; Ma, T. Effect of sleep deprivation on general anesthesia in rats. Int. J. Burns Trauma, 2020, 10(3), 47-54.
[PMID: 32714627]
[43]
Meng, L.; Fan, G.; Wang, J. Establishment of rat REM sleep deprivation model by improved multi platform water environment method. Heilongjiang Yiyao Kexue, 2013, 36(02), 99-100.
[44]
QI. C. Methodology on Chinese Medicinal Pharmacology; People's Health Publishing House: Beijing, 2006.
[45]
Li, Y.; Xu, L.; Zeng, K.; Xu, Z.; Suo, D.; Peng, L.; Ren, T.; Sun, Z.; Yang, W.; Jin, X.; Yang, L. Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide, a novel PPARα/γ dual agonist, protects against ischemia-induced brain damage in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses. Brain Behav. Immun., 2017, 66(Suppl. C), 289-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.015] [PMID: 28736035]
[46]
Smart, J.L.; Dobbing, J. Vulnerability of developing brain. II. Effects of early nutritional deprivation on reflex ontogeny and development of behaviour in the rat. Brain Res., 1971, 28(1), 85-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(71)90526-9] [PMID: 5557887]
[47]
Wu, S.; Gao, Q.; Zhao, P.; Gao, Y.; Xi, Y.; Wang, X.; Liang, Y.; Shi, H.; Ma, Y. Sulforaphane produces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in adult mice. Behav. Brain Res., 2016, 301, 55-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.030] [PMID: 26721468]
[48]
Qu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Qu, R.; Tang, E. LI, Y.; Wang, Q. Theinfluence of sancaojangya decoction on signs and behavioral indexes of spontaneous hypertensive rat. Zhongguo Shiyan Fangjixue Zazhi, 2008, 14(03), 32-35.
[49]
Dekker, A.D.; Coppus, A.M.; Vermeiren, Y.; Aerts, T.; van Duijn, C.M.; Kremer, B.P.; Naudé, P.J.; Van Dam, D.; De Deyn, P.P. Serum MHPG strongly predicts conversion to Alzheimer’s disease in behaviorally characterized subjects with Down syndrome. J. Alzheimers Dis., 2015, 43(3), 871-891.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140783] [PMID: 25125467]
[50]
Van Dam, D.; Vermeiren, Y.; Aerts, T.; De Deyn, P.P. Novel and sensitive reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection for the simultaneous and fast determination of eight biogenic amines and metabolites in human brain tissue. J. Chromatogr. A, 2014, 1353, 28-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.004] [PMID: 24857034]
[51]
Baranova, K.A.; Rybnikova, E.A.; Samoilov, M.O. Antidepressant effect of hypoxic preconditioning is associated with modification of expression of transcription factor c-Fos in rat brain in response to unavoidable stress. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 2012, 152(5), 564-567.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-012-1575-1] [PMID: 22803133]
[52]
Zuke, J.T.; Rice, M.; Rudlong, J.; Paquin, T.; Russo, E.; Burman, M.A. The effects of acute neonatal pain on expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone and juvenile anxiety in a rodent model. eNeuro, 2019, 6(6), ENEURO.0162-19.2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0162-19.2019] [PMID: 31601633]
[53]
Numa, C.; Nagai, H.; Taniguchi, M.; Nagai, M.; Shinohara, R.; Furuyashiki, T. Social defeat stress-specific increase in c-Fos expression in the extended amygdala in mice: Involvement of dopamine D1 receptor in the medial prefrontal cortex. Sci. Rep., 2019, 9(1), 16670.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52997-7] [PMID: 31723165]
[54]
Newman, E.L.; Covington, H.E., III; Suh, J.; Bicakci, M.B.; Ressler, K.J.; DeBold, J.F.; Miczek, K.A. Fighting females: neural and behavioral consequences of social defeat stress in female mice. Biol. Psychiatry, 2019, 86(9), 657-668.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.005] [PMID: 31255250]
[55]
Fernandez-Quezada, D.; García-Zamudio, A.; Ruvalcaba-Delgadillo, Y.; Luquín, S.; García-Estrada, J.; Jáuregui Huerta, F. Male rats exhibit higher pro-BDNF, c-Fos and dendritic tree changes after chronic acoustic stress. Biosci. Trends, 2019, 13(6), 546-555.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/bst.2019.01288] [PMID: 31956226]
[56]
Herrera, D.G.; Robertson, H.A. Activation of c-fos in the brain. Prog. Neurobiol., 1996, 50(2-3), 83-107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00021-4] [PMID: 8971979]
[57]
Naoi, M.; Maruyama, W.; Shamoto-Nagai, M. Type A monoamine oxidase and serotonin are coordinately involved in depressive disorders: from neurotransmitter imbalance to impaired neurogenesis. J. Neural Transmi. (Vienna, Austria: 1996), 2018, 125(1), 53-66.
[58]
Allison, K.C.; Spaeth, A.; Hopkins, C.M. Sleep and eating disorders. Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 2016, 18(10), 92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0728-8] [PMID: 27553980]
[59]
Nalbant, K.; Kalaycı, B.M.; Akdemir, D.; Akgül, S.; Kanbur, N. Emotion regulation, emotion recognition, and empathy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eat. Weight Disord., 2019, 24(5), 825-834.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00768-8] [PMID: 31473987]
[60]
Yunhong, X. Correlation of sleep deprivation and atherosclerotic lesions. Doctor; Southern Medical University, 2011.
[61]
Shuwei, X. Effective Prescriptions for Universal Relief; Shanghai Science and Technology Press: Shanghai, 1963, p. 1, pp. 1-2.
[62]
Zhongjing, H.Z. Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber; The Medicine Science and Technology Press of China, 2018, p. 1.
[63]
Feng, T.; Li, F.; Song, Y.; Liu, X.; Ma, J.; Meng, M.; Wu, F.; Liu, J. Effects of learning and memory in rats with sleep deprivation and BDNF protein expression in the prefrontal cortex with soothing the liver and kidney method. Global Traditi. Chin. Med., 2012, 5(04), 255-259.
[64]
Patti, C.L.; Zanin, K.A.; Sanday, L.; Kameda, S.R.; Fernandes-Santos, L.; Fernandes, H.A.; Andersen, M.L.; Tufik, S.; Frussa-Filho, R. Effects of sleep deprivation on memory in mice: role of state-dependent learning. Sleep, 2010, 33(12), 1669-1679.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.12.1669] [PMID: 21120129]
[65]
Wang, T.; Chen, H.; Lv, K.; Ji, G.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Qu, L. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis of hippocampus in spatial memory deficiency rats induced by simulated microgravity. J. Proteomics, 2017, 160, 64-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.013] [PMID: 28341594]
[66]
Babson, K.A.; Trainor, C.D.; Feldner, M.T.; Blumenthal, H. A test of the effects of acute sleep deprivation on general and specific self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms: An experimental extension. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, 2010, 41(3), 297-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.02.008] [PMID: 20231014]
[67]
Neckelmann, D.; Mykletun, A.; Dahl, A.A. Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression. Sleep, 2007, 30(7), 873-880.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.7.873] [PMID: 17682658]
[68]
Coelho, J.E.; Alves, P.; Canas, P.M.; Valadas, J.S.; Shmidt, T.; Batalha, V.L.; Ferreira, D.G.; Ribeiro, J.A.; Bader, M.; Cunha, R.A.; do Couto, F.S.; Lopes, L.V. Overexpression of adenosine A2A receptors in rats: effects on depression, locomotion, and anxiety. Front. Psychiatry, 2014, 5, 67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00067] [PMID: 24982640]
[69]
Can, A.; Dao, D.T.; Terrillion, C.E.; Piantadosi, S.C.; Bhat, S.; Gould, T.D. The tail suspension test. J. Vis. Exp., 2012, (59), e3769.
[PMID: 22315011]
[70]
Baum, K.T.; Desai, A.; Field, J.; Miller, L.E.; Rausch, J.; Beebe, D.W. Sleep restriction worsens mood and emotion regulation in adolescents. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 2014, 55(2), 180-190.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12125] [PMID: 24889207]
[71]
Shieh, K.R.; Yang, S.C. Formosan wood mice (Apodemus semotus) exhibit more exploratory behaviors and central dopaminergic activities than C57BL/6 mice in the open field test. Chin. J. Physiol., 2020, 63(1), 27-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/CJP.CJP_47_19] [PMID: 32056984]
[72]
Tartar, J.L.; Ward, C.P.; Cordeira, J.W.; Legare, S.L.; Blanchette, A.J.; McCarley, R.W.; Strecker, R.E. Experimental sleep fragmentation and sleep deprivation in rats increases exploration in an open field test of anxiety while increasing plasma corticosterone levels. Behav. Brain Res., 2009, 197(2), 450-453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.08.035] [PMID: 18805441]
[73]
Roy-Byrne, P.P.; Uhde, T.W.; Post, R.M. Effects of one night’s sleep deprivation on mood and behavior in panic disorder. Patients with panic disorder compared with depressed patients and normal controls. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 1986, 43(9), 895-899.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800090085011] [PMID: 3753167]
[74]
Sagaspe, P.; Sanchez-Ortuno, M.; Charles, A.; Taillard, J.; Valtat, C.; Bioulac, B.; Philip, P. Effects of sleep deprivation on Color-Word, Emotional, and Specific Stroop interference and on self-reported anxiety. Brain Cogn., 2006, 60(1), 76-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2005.10.001] [PMID: 16314019]
[75]
Silva, R.H.; Kameda, S.R.; Carvalho, R.C.; Takatsu-Coleman, A.L.; Niigaki, S.T.; Abílio, V.C.; Tufik, S.; Frussa-Filho, R. Anxiogenic effect of sleep deprivation in the elevated plus-maze test in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2004, 176(2), 115-122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-004-1873-z] [PMID: 15160262]
[76]
Beurel, E.; Toups, M.; Nemeroff, C.B. The bidirectional relationship of depression and inflammation: double trouble. Neuron, 2020, 107(2), 234-256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.002] [PMID: 32553197]
[77]
Maydych, V. The interplay between stress, inflammation, and emotional attention: relevance for depression. Front. Neurosci., 2019, 13, 384.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00384] [PMID: 31068783]
[78]
Irwin, M.R.; Opp, M.R. Sleep health: reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017, 42(1), 129-155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.148] [PMID: 27510422]
[79]
Cirelli, C.; Tononi, G. On the functional significance of c-fos induction during the sleep-waking cycle. Sleep, 2000, 23(4), 453-469.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/23.4.9] [PMID: 10875553]
[80]
Nelson, R.J.; Trainor, B.C. Neural mechanisms of aggression. Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2007, 8(7), 536-546.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2174] [PMID: 17585306]
[81]
Brower, M.C.; Price, B.H. Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: A critical review. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2001, 71(6), 720-726.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.71.6.720] [PMID: 11723190]
[82]
Kolb, B.; Nonneman, A.J. Frontolimbic lesions and social behavior in the rat. Physiol. Behav., 1974, 13(5), 637-643.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(74)90234-0] [PMID: 4610602]
[83]
Halász, J.; Tóth, M.; Kalló, I.; Liposits, Z.; Haller, J. The activation of prefrontal cortical neurons in aggression--a double labeling study. Behav. Brain Res., 2006, 175(1), 166-175.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.019] [PMID: 16978716]
[84]
Wu, Z.Y.; Zhang, Y.; Xiao, J. Rules of protein expression of proto-oncogene (c-Fos/c-Jun) in different brain areas and nucleus of psychological stressed mice and the regulatory effect of modified Xiaoyao Pill. Chin. J. Integrated Traditi. Western Med., 2006, 26(11), 998-1002.
[85]
Felger, J.C. Imaging the role of inflammation in mood and anxiety-related disorders. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2018, 16(5), 533-558.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X15666171123201142] [PMID: 29173175]
[86]
Hirschfeld, R.M. History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2000, 61(Suppl. 6), 4-6.
[PMID: 10775017]
[87]
Ng, J.; Heales, S.J.; Kurian, M.A. Clinical features and pharmacotherapy of childhood monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. Paediatr. Drugs, 2014, 16(4), 275-291.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40272-014-0079-z] [PMID: 25011953]
[88]
Chalmers, J.P.; Baldessarini, R.J.; Wurtman, R.J. Effects of L-dopa on norepinephrine metabolism in the brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1971, 68(3), 662-666.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.68.3.662] [PMID: 5276777]
[89]
Mittal, R.; Debs, L.H.; Patel, A.P.; Nguyen, D.; Patel, K.; O’Connor, G.; Grati, M.; Mittal, J.; Yan, D.; Eshraghi, A.A.; Deo, S.K.; Daunert, S.; Liu, X.Z. Neurotransmitters: the critical modulators regulating gut-brain axis. J. Cell. Physiol., 2017, 232(9), 2359-2372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25518] [PMID: 27512962]
[90]
Jinlai, C.; Xiaoyu, W.; Yuhao, S.; Jing, L.; Meng, X. The effects of Jiawei Xiaoyao Powder on the levels of dopamine and serotonin in hepatocellular carcinoma rats. Shenjing Jiepouxue Zazhi, 2020, 36(02), 144-148.
[91]
Min, H.; Jinwei, L.; Xiping, G.; Rong, L.; Zhiqiang, W.; Xue, W.; Changtian, Q.; Nan, Z. Study on the mechanisms of antidepressant effect of Xiaoyao Powder in olfactory bulbectomized depression rats. Pharmaco. Clinics Chin. Mater. Medica, 2014, 30(05), 14-17.
[92]
Xie, L.; Chen, L.; Gu, P.; Wei, L.; Kang, X. A convenient method for extraction and analysis with high-pressure liquid chromatography of catecholamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites. J. Vis. Exp., 2018, No. 133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/56445]
[93]
Yonghua, D.; Chuang, Y. Determination of six index components in xiaoyao pills by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker. China Pharma., 2018, 21(05), 930-933.
[94]
Committee, N.P. Overview of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (ChPC) & Update of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP). Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. In: The Chin. Europ. Pharmacopoeias Sem; , 2020. Strasbourg, France
[95]
Wei, Z. ZhengYu, W.; ZhiAng, W. Simultaneous determination of six active constituents in xiaoyao pills by HPLC with different wavelengths. Herald Med., 2018, 37(08), 1000-1003.
[96]
Wei, Z. ZhengYu, W.; ZhiAng, W. Simultaneous determination of six active constituents in xiaoyao pills by HPLC with different wavelengths. Herald Med., 2018, 37(08), 1000-1003.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
31
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy