Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been recognized as an inflammatory disease. The innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms are involved in atherogenesis. Low-grade inflammation is associated with innate immunity activation. The CRP has been proposed as the best indicator of low-grade inflammation and a predictor of cardiovascular events. A triumvirate of targets in the prevention of CVD are: LDL-C aggressive lowering, HDL-C increasing and CRP lowering. The statins role in lipids and CRP lowering is well established. Moreover, statins may be beneficial in many other inflammatory immune conditions. Among PPAR-α agonists, anti-inflammatory properties of fenofibrate are the best demonstrated. PPAR-γ agonists (thiazolidinediones) pleiotropic effects are also promising. PPAR α/γ agonists have been proved to cause severe side effects. Ezetimibe exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory actions when administered with statins. Colesevelam, a novel bileacid sequestrant has beneficial lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory actions. CETP and ACAT inhibitors actions call for further studies. Inhibition of CRP, CRP-targeted antisenses, HDL-particle modification and immunomodulation of atherosclerosis are possible novel approaches in atherosclerosis treatment and prevention.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, inflammation, immune system, CRP, statins, fibrates
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Lipid Lowering Agents, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): Marlena Broncel, Marzena Kozirog and Julita Chojnowska-Jezierska
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, inflammation, immune system, CRP, statins, fibrates
Abstract: Atherosclerosis has been recognized as an inflammatory disease. The innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms are involved in atherogenesis. Low-grade inflammation is associated with innate immunity activation. The CRP has been proposed as the best indicator of low-grade inflammation and a predictor of cardiovascular events. A triumvirate of targets in the prevention of CVD are: LDL-C aggressive lowering, HDL-C increasing and CRP lowering. The statins role in lipids and CRP lowering is well established. Moreover, statins may be beneficial in many other inflammatory immune conditions. Among PPAR-α agonists, anti-inflammatory properties of fenofibrate are the best demonstrated. PPAR-γ agonists (thiazolidinediones) pleiotropic effects are also promising. PPAR α/γ agonists have been proved to cause severe side effects. Ezetimibe exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory actions when administered with statins. Colesevelam, a novel bileacid sequestrant has beneficial lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory actions. CETP and ACAT inhibitors actions call for further studies. Inhibition of CRP, CRP-targeted antisenses, HDL-particle modification and immunomodulation of atherosclerosis are possible novel approaches in atherosclerosis treatment and prevention.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Broncel Marlena, Kozirog Marzena and Chojnowska-Jezierska Julita, Lipid Lowering Agents, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis, Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152308785699254
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152308785699254 |
Print ISSN 1871-5230 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-614X |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Effects of Altered Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression on Cardiovascular Disease
Current Drug Targets Hypertension and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Bacterial Urease and its Role in Long-Lasting Human Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science Genetic Engineering of AAV Capsid Gene for Gene Therapy Application
Current Gene Therapy Vascular Endothelial Primary Cilia: Mechanosensation and Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxathiine: A Multi-Potent Pharmacophoric Heterocyclic Nucleus
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Statins in the Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Homocysteine and Hyperhomocysteinaemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology: from Basic Research to Clinical Applications)
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in Patients with Univentricular Physiology
Current Cardiology Reviews Quality Assessment of Wheat Bread with Microbial Transglutaminase Supplemented with Hull-Less Barley Flour
Current Nutrition & Food Science Initiation of the Immune Response by Extracellular Hsp72: Chaperokine Activity of Hsp72
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Evaluation and Comparative Correlation of Abdominal Fat Related Parameters in Obese and Non-obese Groups Using Computed Tomography
Current Medical Imaging Therapeutic and Protective Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pharmaceutical Agents and Current Vaccines Against COVID-19
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Editorial [PCI and Stable Coronary Heart Disease - COURAGE to Change Our Minds?]
Current Vascular Pharmacology Potential Linkage Between Cerebrovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome
Current Drug Metabolism Lipoprotein (a) Evolution: Possible Benefits and Harm. Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing its Plasma Levels
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pyrazolines: A Biological Review
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Human Imprinting Anomalies in Fetal and Childhood Growth Disorders: Clinical Implications and Molecular Mechanisms
Current Pharmaceutical Design Critical Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Design