Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery using patches offers many advantages, but is limited primarily by the stratum corneum barrier. Amongst the various methods to overcome this barrier, physical methods are gaining in popularity and commercial devices development. Macroflux™, MTS™ and Silex™ are based on microporation, involving use of microneedles that pierce thereby bypassing the stratum corneum. Intraject™, Powderject™ and Helios™ are based on needleless jet injectors wherein very fine, solid particulate drug, is fired directly into the skin, using high-pressure gas. Med- Tats™ incorporate use of modified drug-containing tattoos, which bind to the skin, wherein the drug is absorbed. CHADD™ is based on use of heat, which increases skin - permeation of drugs. High-power, pulsed lasers transmit positive mechanical forces to the skin and create intercellular channels into the skin transiently. Sonophoresis involves use of ultrasound, which transiently disrupts the stratum corneum barrier. This technique offers a non-invasive transdermal extraction of interstitial fluids of sampling body fluids. Modified Liposomes include Ethosomes (containing alcohol) and Transferosomes (containing surfactants), which have enhanced skin permeability. Pulsed magnetic fields may create transient pores in cell membranes, including skin, resulting in increased permeation. Iontophoresis is based on application of electric potential for enhancing the movement of substances to and from the body. Dupel™, Ionzyme™, Liposite™, ETrans™, Phoresor™ and Drionic™ are based on iontophoresis. GlucoWatch™ offers non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, based on reverse iontophoresis. This review outlines recent commercial developments in physical transdermal drug delivery technology and the specific devices and applications being targeted by the pharmaceutical industry.
Keywords: Transdermal, Microporation, Jet Injectors, Heat, Laser, Sonophoresis, Liposomes and Iontophoresis
Current Drug Delivery
Title: Current Developments Using Emerging Transdermal Technologies In Physical Enhancement Methods.
Volume: 3 Issue: 3
Author(s): A. Nanda, S. Nanda and N. M. Khan Ghilzai
Affiliation:
Keywords: Transdermal, Microporation, Jet Injectors, Heat, Laser, Sonophoresis, Liposomes and Iontophoresis
Abstract: Transdermal drug delivery using patches offers many advantages, but is limited primarily by the stratum corneum barrier. Amongst the various methods to overcome this barrier, physical methods are gaining in popularity and commercial devices development. Macroflux™, MTS™ and Silex™ are based on microporation, involving use of microneedles that pierce thereby bypassing the stratum corneum. Intraject™, Powderject™ and Helios™ are based on needleless jet injectors wherein very fine, solid particulate drug, is fired directly into the skin, using high-pressure gas. Med- Tats™ incorporate use of modified drug-containing tattoos, which bind to the skin, wherein the drug is absorbed. CHADD™ is based on use of heat, which increases skin - permeation of drugs. High-power, pulsed lasers transmit positive mechanical forces to the skin and create intercellular channels into the skin transiently. Sonophoresis involves use of ultrasound, which transiently disrupts the stratum corneum barrier. This technique offers a non-invasive transdermal extraction of interstitial fluids of sampling body fluids. Modified Liposomes include Ethosomes (containing alcohol) and Transferosomes (containing surfactants), which have enhanced skin permeability. Pulsed magnetic fields may create transient pores in cell membranes, including skin, resulting in increased permeation. Iontophoresis is based on application of electric potential for enhancing the movement of substances to and from the body. Dupel™, Ionzyme™, Liposite™, ETrans™, Phoresor™ and Drionic™ are based on iontophoresis. GlucoWatch™ offers non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, based on reverse iontophoresis. This review outlines recent commercial developments in physical transdermal drug delivery technology and the specific devices and applications being targeted by the pharmaceutical industry.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nanda A., Nanda S. and Khan Ghilzai M. N., Current Developments Using Emerging Transdermal Technologies In Physical Enhancement Methods., Current Drug Delivery 2006; 3 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720106777731091
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720106777731091 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Robotic and AI-based Drug Discovery and Delivery for Neurological Disorders
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors, pose significant challenges in drug delivery due to the blood-brain barrier's intricate structure and the complexity of neuronal networks. Traditional drug delivery methods often fall short in reaching therapeutic concentrations within the central nervous system, limiting treatment efficacy and ...read more
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Topical Therapy for Actinic Keratoses: Current and Evolving Therapies
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Serine Proteinase Inhibitors in the Skin: Role in Homeostasis and Disease
Current Protein & Peptide Science Plant Polyphenols and Oral Health: Old Phytochemicals for New Fields
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chronic Inflammation in the Pancreas and Salivary Glands - Lessons from Similarities and Differences in Pathophysiology and Treatment Modalities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial: Adjuvant Systemic Treatment Strategy for Early Breast Cancer
Medicinal Chemistry Three Decades of P-gp Inhibitors: Skimming Through Several Generations and Scaffolds
Current Medicinal Chemistry Regulatory T Cells and Skin Tumors
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Drug-Targeting Strategies for Prostate Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor as a Molecular Target for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Development and Assessment of Conventional and Targeted Drug Combinations for Use in the Treatment of Aggressive Breast Cancers
Current Cancer Drug Targets Targeting Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection, Tumor Progression, and Metastasis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules: A Pharmacological Expedient to Counteract Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Proteomics Study of the Subacute Toxicity of Rat Brain after Long- Term Exposure of <i>Gelsemium elegans</i>
Current Molecular Pharmacology Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Breast Cancer Image Classification: A Review
Current Medical Imaging Application of MALDI/SELDI Mass Spectrometry to Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Validation
Current Proteomics Mouse ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters Conferring Multi-Drug Resistance
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Significance of miR-1826 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ADAM10 as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer and Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mechanisms of CTLA-4-Ig in Tolerance Induction
Current Pharmaceutical Design