Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal proliferation of early B- and T-lymphocyte progenitors and results in the accumulation of leukemic blasts in the bone marrow and various extramedullary sites. It affects both children and adults, with peak prevalence between the ages of 2 to 5 years. Despite current treatment protocols achieving rapid cytoreduction in the vast majority of patients, serious acute and late complications are frequent and resistance to chemotherapy often develops. In contrast to the successes obtained with pediatric patients, treatment outcomes for adults remain poor with only 40% of patients being long-term survivors. Extensive research in the field of ALL has helped understand the mechanisms that control leukemic cells, facilitating the design of new drugs that specifically interfere with leukemic pathways and overcome chemo-resistance induced by common treatment regimens. Herein, we review the current status of the development of novel anti-leukemic agents, with emphasis on small molecular inhibitors that have already translated into clinical trials and are in the advanced stages of preclinical development. Challenges to successful development of each strategy are discussed.
Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treatment, novel therapy, small molecular inhibitors
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: Emerging Treatments in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Volume: 9 Issue: 1
Author(s): R. Crazzolara and L. Bendall
Affiliation:
Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treatment, novel therapy, small molecular inhibitors
Abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal proliferation of early B- and T-lymphocyte progenitors and results in the accumulation of leukemic blasts in the bone marrow and various extramedullary sites. It affects both children and adults, with peak prevalence between the ages of 2 to 5 years. Despite current treatment protocols achieving rapid cytoreduction in the vast majority of patients, serious acute and late complications are frequent and resistance to chemotherapy often develops. In contrast to the successes obtained with pediatric patients, treatment outcomes for adults remain poor with only 40% of patients being long-term survivors. Extensive research in the field of ALL has helped understand the mechanisms that control leukemic cells, facilitating the design of new drugs that specifically interfere with leukemic pathways and overcome chemo-resistance induced by common treatment regimens. Herein, we review the current status of the development of novel anti-leukemic agents, with emphasis on small molecular inhibitors that have already translated into clinical trials and are in the advanced stages of preclinical development. Challenges to successful development of each strategy are discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Crazzolara R. and Bendall L., Emerging Treatments in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2009; 9 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800909787314057
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800909787314057 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
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